Chapter 2 Flashcards
Problems with evolved mechanisms that are no longer necessary
eating a bunch of food or craving high calorie diet when food wasn’t available would now cause childhood obesity
Mitosis
cells nucleus (including chromosomes) duplicates itself and divides two new cells each contaning 23 pairs
Meiosis
forms egg and sperm aka gametes
cells from either ovaries or testes divides twice making four cells (each have half the genetic material of the parent cell) each sperm or egg has 23 unpaired chromosomes
Phenotype
way an individuals genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics
Polygenetic
characteristics are determined by interaction of many different genes
Down Syndrome
round face, flattened skull, extra fold of skin over the eyelids, short limbs, protruding tongue,retardation of motor and mental abilities.
Sickle-cell anemia
a genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells and occurs most often in people of african descent
Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD)
is increasingly being explored as an alternative to procedures such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis. Mainly focuses on brain imaging techniques and the isolation and examination of fetal cells circulating in the mother’s blood and analysis of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma
Infertility
The inability to have a child after 12 months. 10-15% of US Couples experience infertility. One form of treatment is IVF. IVF is when eggs and sperms are combined in a laboratory dish. If fertilization is success it is transferred to the mother’s uterus
Passive genotype-environment correlation
Correlations that exist when then natural parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child
Epigenetic view
Emphasizes that development is a result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between hereditary and environment
