Chapter 6

Question 1

Hydrosphere Fresh Water Sources

Answer 1

Icecaps and Glaciers - 68.7%
Ground Water - 30.1%
Other - 0.9% (surface water .03%)

Question 2

Hydrosphere

Answer 2

Earth’s most critical resource

• 97% is sea water
• 3% is fresh water

Question 3

The Hydrologic Cycle

Answer 3

The hydrologic cycle begins with the evaporation of water from the surface of the ocean. As moist air is lifted, it cools and water vapor condenses to form clouds. Moisture is transported around the globe until it returns to the surface as precipitation

Question 4

Evaporation

Answer 4

Water vapor to liquid

Question 5

Transpiration

Answer 5

Water moving from soil into plant roots

Question 6

Evapotransipiration

Answer 6

Returns water to the atmosphere

Question 7

Infiltration

Answer 7

Water entering into the ground

Question 8

Percolation

Answer 8

Downward movement of water into Earth

Question 9

Surface runoff

Answer 9

Downslope movement of water

Question 10

Type of Lakes

Answer 10

Marsh and Swamp/ Wetlands - Shallow poor drainage

Saline Lakes - high salt content; no outlet to ocean

Question 11

Reservoirs

Answer 11

Man-made lakes created as a result of damming a river

Question 12

Benefits of a Reservoir

Answer 12

Flood Control
Storage
Hydroelectric Power
Recreation

Question 13

Groundwater

Answer 13

Water that exists below the ground
Exists in two different zones:
- Zone of Aeration (Unsaturated)
- Zone of Saturation

Question 14

Water Table

Answer 14

The top of the saturated zone

Question 15

Zone of Aeration

Answer 15

Contains water temporarily, during high periods of precipitation

Question 16

Zone of Saturation

Answer 16

Permanently saturated with water

Question 17

Aquifer

Answer 17

Rock that allows water to flow through

-Sandstone and limestone

Question 18

Aquiclude

Answer 18

Rock that resists the flow of water

- Clays and shales

Question 19

Spring

Answer 19

Small-scale discharge of groundwater at the surface, through joints and faults

Question 20

Drawdown

Answer 20

Well water is removed faster than replaced

Question 21

Hot Spring

Answer 21

Common in volcanic areas

Water heated underground before emerging

Question 22

Cone of Depression

Answer 22

This forms when well dries up and the water table drops below well bottom

Question 23

Land Subsidence

Answer 23

Sinking of land surface due to the shrinking of aquifers as water is removed

Question 24

Land Subsidence Location

Answer 24

San Joaquin Valley

Question 25

Human Impacts to Groundwater

Answer 25

Contamination
Landfills
Leaking underground storage tanks
Spills

Question 26

Desalination

Answer 26

Process that converts seawater to fresh water