Chapter 6 Flashcards
Define communication (2)
- transfer and understanding of a message between two or more people
- for motivating to providing information, control, or express emotion
Difference between formal and informal channel (2)
formal channel: communication channel established by organization to transmit message related to professional activities
informal channel: communication channel that are created spontaneously and that emerge as response to individual choices
Define channel (1)
- medium through which messages travel
Define communication apprehension (1)
- undue tension and anxiety about oral communication, written communication, or both
What are the three effective communication ability (3)
- handle multiple cues at a time
- rapid feedback
- very personal
Define channel richness (1)
- the amount of information that is transmitted through the communication episodes
Difference between routine and non-routine channels (2)
- routine: straightforward and have minimum ambiguity (lower richness)
- non-routine: message are likely to be complicated and have potential to be misunderstood (higher richness)
What channel do manager want to use (1)
- rich channel of non routine
9 barriers to effective communication (9)
- filtering
- selective perception
- defensiveness
- emotion
- language
- non verbal communication
- stress
- silence
- overload of information
Define filtering (1)
- sender manipulation of information so that is may seem more favourable by reader (distorting communication)
Define selective perception (1)
- based on your needs, motivation, experience, background, and other personal characteristics
Define defensiveness (1)
- people feel threatened and reduce their ability to mutually understand
Define information overload (1)
- state in which more information is given than one can process (might neglect, select, or ignore certain information)
Define language (1)
- sender tend to assume same words and phrase mean the same to receiver as to them (minimize communication)
Define silence (1)
- absence of information (silence can be powerful)
Define non-verbal communication (3)
- message convey through body movement, facial expression, and the physical distance
- intonation: emphasize, give to word and phrases missing
- proxemics: the physical distance of interpersonal relationship
The importance of non verbal communication (2)
- extent to which an individual likes another and its interested in him or her
- relative perceived status between receiver and sender
How do you create less stressful communication (3)
- be clear
- be aware of non verbal communication
- think carefully about how to state things
Different types of current communication (4)
- instant messaging and text messaging
- social networking: promoting value
- blog: website with short entries written and displayed in chronological order
Limitation to emails (4)
- privacy concern
- misinterpreting the message
- communication negative message
- time consuming nature of emails
Limitation towards reducing time consuming nature of emails (4)
- do not read emails in the morning
- check emails in batches
- email emotion
- declare email bankruptcy
Communication barrier between women and men (1)
- men use talk to emphasize status and women to create connections
Cultural barrier to communication (4)
- barrier created by semantics: word do not translate
- barrier created by word connotation: words translate differently
- barrier created by tone difference: private and public speaking
- barrier created by difference in perspectives: how you view the world
How to overcome cross cultural differences (4)
- assume difference until similarity is proven
- be empathetic
- treat interpretation as a working hypothesis
- emphasize description rather than interpretation or evaluation
Define conflict (1)
- process in which one party perceived the other party has negatively affected or is about to negatively affect something the first party cares about
Define functional and dysfunctional conflict (2)
- functional: conflict that supports the goal of the group and improved performance (lower conflict of continuum)
- dysfunctional” conflict that hinders group performance (unable to achieve goal- higher conflict of continuum)
Define cognitive and affective conflict (2)
- cognitive: conflict that is tasked oriented and emphasize difference in perception and judgement
- affective: conflict that is emotion and aims at a person rather than issue
Define dual concern theory (1)
- one’s degree of cooperativeness (one’s degree to satisfy other concern) and assertiveness (on’es degree to satisfy one’s concern) determine how a conflict to be handled
5 types of conflict management strategies (5)
- forcing: imposing
- problem solving: accepting the problem
- yielding: accepting
- avoidance: ignoring
- compromising: balance
How can an individual do to manage conflict (5)
- problem solve
- develop overarching goals
- smoothing
- avoidance
- compromising
Additional techniques to manage conflict (4)
- expansion of resources
- authoritative commands
- altering to human variables
- altering to structural variables
Resolving personality conflict (1)
- misunderstand an inequities
Define negotiation (1)
- process in which two or more parties exchange goods and services and try to agree upon the rate of exchange of them (issues, position, interest)
Define distributive bargaining and fixed pie (2)
- set to divide up the fixed amount of resources (win-lose situation)
- only the set amount of goods and services to be divided up between parties
Define integrative bargaining (1)
- seek one or more settlements to create a win win situation (create a positive bond)
How to negotiate (5)
- develop a strategies
- defining the ground rules
- clarification and justification
- bargaining and problem solving
- closure and implementation
Define BATNA (1)
- best alternative to negotiated agreement (if outcome fails)
