Chapter 6

Question 1

what are the kinds of implicit memory?

Answer 1

procedural memory: The gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice or knowing how to do things. Priming: enhanced identification of objects and words

Question 2

storage:

Answer 2

process of maintain memory over time.

Question 3

state dependent retrieval:

Answer 3

is the process whereby information tends to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval like happy or sad.

Question 4

anterograde amnesia:

Answer 4

cannot consolidate new memories.

Question 5

what are the two kinds of intereference?

Answer 5

1. retroactive interference: recently learned info disrupts ability to remember past info 2. Proactive interference: previously learned info disrupts ability to remember new info.

Question 6

we rely on what kind of memory to imagine our future?

Answer 6

episodic

Question 7

semantic encoding:

Answer 7

is the process of relating new information in a meaningful way to access knowledge that is already stored in memory.

Question 8

retrieval induced forgetting:

Answer 8

is a process by which retrieving an item from long term memory impairs subsequent recall of related items.

Question 9

Primary effect:

Answer 9

the tendency to remember intial information

Question 10

what is the number of chunks of information we can remember?

Answer 10

7+- 2

Question 11

retrieval cue:

Answer 11

external information that is associated with stored information and helps bring it to mind.

Question 12

what are the two kinds of long term memory?

Answer 12

explicit: with conscious mind Implicit: without conscious mind

Question 13

working memory:

Answer 13

which refers to active maintenance of information in short term storage.

Question 14

Retrieval:

Answer 14

process of accessing stored information

Question 15

what are the two kinds of priming?

Answer 15

perceptual priming: which reflect implicit memory for the sensory feature of an item. Conceptual priming: which reflect implicit memory for the meaning of a word or how you would use an object.

Question 16

what are the two kinds of explicity memory?

Answer 16

semantic memory: facts and general knowledge Episodic memory: personally experienced events

Question 17

what are the three key functions of memory:

Answer 17

1. Encoding 2. Storage 3. Retrieval

Question 18

Visual imagery encoding:

Answer 18

the process of storing new information by converting it into mental picture.

Question 19

information can be held in the short term memory store for about how long?

Answer 19

15-20 seconds

Question 20

Encoding:

Answer 20

Process by which we transform what we perceive, think, feel etc. into a memory.

Question 21

consolidation:

Answer 21

transfer of information from shor to long term memory.

Question 22

retrograde amnesia:

Answer 22

can’t remember past memories

Question 23

Long term memory:

Answer 23

is a type of storage that holds information for hours, days, weeks or years.

Question 24

Serial position effect:

Answer 24

which refers to the observations that the first few and last few times in a series are more likely to be recalled than the items in the middle.

Question 25

displacement:

Answer 25

new information. Like someone talking heind you while your trying to listen to the lecture.

Question 26

short term memory:

Answer 26

which holds nonsensory information for more than a few seconds but less than a minute.

Question 27

recency effect

Answer 27

the tendency to remember later information

Question 28

what is the difference between maitenance and elaborative rehearsal?

Answer 28

maintenance is just repeating info whereas elaborative is processing information at a meaningful level. Elaborating works best.

Question 29

Memory:

Answer 29

Process of encoding, storing and retrieving information

Question 30

The encoding specificity principle:

Answer 30

states that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which information was intially encoded.

Question 31

what are the 2 kinds of sensory memory:

Answer 31

1. Iconic Memory: is a fast decaying store of visual information 2. Echoic memory is a fast decaying store of auditory information.

Question 32

what are three methods for improving memory?

Answer 32

1. method of loci- items associated with physical locations. 2. Peg-word method: items are associated with “pegs” that are already in memory 3. Narrative stories: items are associated by a story.

Question 33

sensory memory:

Answer 33

is a type of storage that holds sensory information for a few seconds or less.

Question 34

Organizational encoding:

Answer 34

the process of categorizing information according to the relationship among a series of items.

Question 35

Transfer appropriate processing:

Answer 35

is the idea that memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when the encoding and retrieval contexts of the situations match.

Question 36

semantic coding:

Answer 36

is uniquely associated with increased activity in the lower left part of the frontal lobe and the inner part of the left temporal lobe.

Question 37

Chunking:

Answer 37

involved combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short term storage.