Chapter 6 Flashcards
Epidemiology
The study of the distribution of health and dz in groups of people as well as the study of the factors influencing this distribution
What do descriptive studies do?
Observe and describe the health and factors influencing it in selected groups of people. Includes case reports, case series, and correlational studies
What are 3 properties commonly present in the description and evaluation of noncategorical data?
Distribution
Measure of central tendency
Variability
Mean
The arithmetic average of the distribution
Median
The value that equals the midpoint of the observations when arranged in order
Mode
The value of the distribution that occurs the most
Analytic studies
Allow inferences about causality using formal hypothesis testing
T-test
Evaluates the observed difference between calculated mean values of two study groups to determine statistical significance
T-tests are used with noncategorical, normally distributed or parametric data, including clinical measurements such as height, blood pressure, or cholesterol level
Chi square test
A simple and common method to determine whether difference in proportions between study groups are statistically significant.
It compares proportions rather than means
Biostatistics
The science of describing, analyzing, and interpreting biologic or health data collected in these studies using statistical methods
Sensitivity equation
TP/(TP + FN)
Sensitivity
Percent of pts with a positive test result who truly have the disease
Specificity formula
TN/(FP + TN)
Specificity
Percent of pts with a negative result who do not have disease
Prevalence formula
(TP + FN)/(TP + FP + FN + TN)
