Chapter 6 Flashcards
The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress?
Compact bone
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of
fat
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the
osteoblast
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
hyaline cartilage
What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?
decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the
diaphysis
The term dipole refers to the
internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
Which of the following is a bone marking name that indicates a projection that helps to form joints?
ramus
Factors in preventing (or delaying) osteoporosis include
drinking fluoridated water
ossification of then ends of long bones
is produced by secondary ossification centers
Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, as well as shaping the articular surfaces?
epiphyseal plate
The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is
hyaline
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
communication
What is the structural unit of compact bone?
the osteon
bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of
osteoblasts and osteoclasts
The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called
Perforating (sharper’s) fibers
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of
blood vessels and nerve fibers
What are the small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live called?
lucunae
For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?
An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue
The process of bones increasing in width is known as
appositional growth
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes his process?
Osteoclast
Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?
parathyroid hormone
The universal loss of mass seen in the skeleton, which begins about the age of 40
reflects incomplete osteon formation and mineralization
Wolff’s law is concerned with
the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
Cranial bones develop
within fibrous membranes
Which of the following glands or organs produces hormones that tend to decrease blood calcium levels?
thyroid
Osteomyelitis is
due to pus- forming bacteria
Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth?
the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth?
Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.
In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows
by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
Spongy bones are made up of a framework called
trabeculae
Osteogenesis is the process of
bone formation
Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through
interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates
Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood?
growth hormone
In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause?
elevated levels of sex hormones
Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of
calcium, phosphate and vitamin D
Ostealgia is
pain in a bone
