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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the generation of a membrane potential?

A

Both potassium and sodium ions can “leak” through the cell membrane due to diffusion.

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2
Q

Which statement best describes transcytosis?

A

transporting an endoscope from one side of a cell to the other and releasing the contents by exocytosis.

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3
Q

In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in

A

the smooth ER

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4
Q

The RNA, responsible for bringing the amino acids to the “factory” site for protein formation is

A

tRNA

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5
Q

A red blood cell placed in pure water would

A

swell and burst

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6
Q

Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?

A

the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

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7
Q

Which of these is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

A

it prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell.

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8
Q

Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells?

A

microvilli

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9
Q

Which of the following statements is correct regarding diffusion?

A

The greater the concentration of gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion

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10
Q

Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all of the following except

A

peroxisomes

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11
Q

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?

A

the cells will lose water and shrink

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12
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sub cellular structure?

A

Intercellular material

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13
Q

Once solid material is phagocytize and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens?

A

A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material.

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14
Q

Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off in response to

A

changes in the environment

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15
Q

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

A

molecular transport through the membrane

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16
Q

Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?

A

Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis

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17
Q

Which of the following would NOT be a constituent of a plasma membrane?

A

messenger RNA

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18
Q

Mitosis

A

produces nucleus replication

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19
Q

The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a

A

centriole

20
Q

Which of these is an inclusion, NOT an organelle?

A

melanin

21
Q

Which of the following is NOT a factor that binds cells together?

A

glycolipids in the glycocalyx

22
Q

If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA?

A

UGCAA

23
Q

Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells?

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

24
Q

Caveolae are closely associated with all but which of the following?

A

enzymes involved in cell metabolism

25
Q

Passive membrane transport processes include

A

movement of a substance down its concentration gradient

26
Q

Enzymes called ___ destroy the cell’s DNA and cytoskeleton, producing a quick death of the cell.

A

caspases

27
Q

Mitochondria

A

contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function

28
Q

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for secretory use (export) only, never for use by the cell. This statement is

A

false; integral cell membrane proteins are also synthesized this way

29
Q

Peroxisomes

A

are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action

30
Q

DNA replication

A

takes place during interphase of the cell cycle

31
Q

Which statement is the most correct regarding transcription/translation?

A

The nucleotide sequence in the tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.

32
Q

In the maintenance of the cell resting membrane potential

A

extracellular sodium levels are high

33
Q

Which of the following is a concept of the cell theory?

A

a cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms

34
Q

Which of the following does not serve as a signal for cell divine?

A

repressor genes

35
Q

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?

A

Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules.

36
Q

Which of the following statements is more correct regarding the intracellular chemical signals known as “second messengers”?

A

Cyclic AMP and calcium may be second messengers

37
Q

The main component of the cytosol is

A

water

38
Q

Lysosomes

A

contain acid hydrolyses that are potentially dangerous to the cell

39
Q

The endomembrane system is

A

an interactive system of organelles whose membranes are physically or functionally connected

40
Q

The functions of centrioles include

A

organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division

41
Q

The gene can best be defined as

A

a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain

42
Q

Extracellular matrix is

A

the most abundant extracellular material

43
Q

Crenation is likely to occur in blood cells in

A

a hypertonic solution

44
Q

Some hormones enter cells via

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

45
Q

If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it would attach to a(n) _____ mRNA codon.

A

UCG.

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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