Chapter 5 Flashcards
Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer
Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing
____ is an inherited condition that affects the heme pathways; it leaves the skin scarred and gums degenerated, and may have led to the folklore about vampires
Porphyria
A need would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?
corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following EXCEPT
external root sheath
Acne is a disorder associated with
sebaceous glands
The dermis
has two layers
Which muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps?
arrestor pili
If a splinter penetrated the skin into the second epidermal layer of the sole of the food, which cells would be damaged
lucidum
Which of the following cutaneous receptors is specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure?
Meissner’s corpuscle
Which statement correctly explains why hair appears the way it does?
Kinky hair has flat, ribbonlike hair shafts
Sudoriferous glands vary in distribution over the surface of the body. Which of the following is correct?
Ceruminous glands secrete cerumen, which is thought to deter insects.
Although the integument is a covering, it is by no mean simple, and some of its functions includ
resident macrophage - like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system
The function of the root hair plexus is to
allow the hair to assist in touch sensation
Vernix caseosa is a
whitish material produced by fetal sebaceous glands
The ___ gland is a modified sudoriferous gland that secretes wax
ceruminous
Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of
diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis
The reason the hypodermic acts as a shock absorber is that
the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber
Which type of skin cancer appears as a scaly reddened papule and tends to grow rapidly and metastasize?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Keratinocytes are an important epidermal cell because they
produce a fibrous protein that gives the skin much of its protective properties
Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes
accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer
The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?
Stratum basale
The integumentary system is protected by the action of cells that arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. Which of the following cells serve this function?
macrophages called epidermal dendritic cells
Water loss through the epidermis could cause serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin?
Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces.
The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?
fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells
The dermis has two major layers; which of the following constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin?
the reticular layer
Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing How might a person know the dermis has been stretched and or torn?
the appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis
The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tissue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superficial surface has structures called
dermal papillae
Ture regarding prints or ridges?
they are genetically determined, therefore unique to each person
Which of the following statements indicated that way in which the body’s natural defense protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?
Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen
Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from Addison’ s disease?
the skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance
An epidermal dendritic cell is a specialized
phagocyctic cell
What are the most important factors influencing hair growth?
nutrition and hormones
Which of the following statements best describes what fingernails actually are?
fingernails are a modification of the epidermis
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?
eccrine and apocrine
The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is
99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, and vitamin C
Where are apocrine glands found on the human body?
in the axillary and anogenital area
The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated
by hormones, especially androgens
What are the vital function of the skin?
it converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism
Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss?
by using the “rule of nines”
What is the first threat to life form a massive third-degree burn?
catastrophic fluid loss
Male pattern baldness has a genetic switch that turns on in response to
male hormones
Eyebrow hair are always shorter than hairs on your head because
eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months.
