Chapter 2 Flashcards
Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses?
Na
Choose the statement that is false or incorrect.
a key feature of the body’s metabolism is the almost exclusive use of exergonic reactions by the body
In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have
a high degree of unsaturated bonds
The genetic information is coded in DNA by the
sequence of nucleotides
Which of the following is NOT true of proteins?
They appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information.
The single most abundant protein in the body is
Collagen
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of
Glycogen
Which of the following describes coenzymes?
organic molecules derived from vitamins
Which of the following is NOT a role of molecular chaperoning?
help to translocate proteins and certain metal ions across cell membranes
A chemical reaction in which bonds are broke is usually associated with
the released of energy
Salts are always
ionic compounds
The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?
2,8,1
A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being
acidic
Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?
sodium
Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?
CH4
Which is a chain of 25 amino acids called?
Polypeptide
Which of the following constitutes a long chain of simple sugars?
polysaccharide
What level of protein synthesis is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix?
secondary structure
Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the
removal of a water molecule between each two units
Which statement about enzymes is FALSE?
Enzymes raise the activation energy needed to start a reaction
Which of the following statement is false?
Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully.
Which of the following is true regarding the concentration of solutions?
Molarity is one mole of solute per 1000 ml of solution.
Select the statement about mixtures that is correct.
A solution contains solvent in large amounts and solute in smaller quantities
Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-
a bicarbonate
Select which reactions will usually be irreversible regarding chemical equilibrium in living system.
Glucose to CO2 and H2O
What happens in redox reactions?
both decomposition and electron exchange occur
Choose the answer that describes fibrous proteins.
are very stable and insoluble in water
Which of the following does NOT describe the ATP molecule?
pigments
Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.
DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A,T,G, and C bases.
Which of the following is an example of a suspension?
blood
Select the correct statement about isotopes.
Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic masses.
The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
An example of a coenzyme is
riboflavin (vitamin B2)
____ is fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal bone growth and function.
Vitamin D
In liquid XYZ, you notice that light is scattered as it passes through. There is NO precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days. What type of liquid is that?
colloid
Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?
7
Which protein types are vitally important to cell function in all types of stressful circumstances?
molecular chaperones
If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?
37 protons and 37 electrons
What does the formula C6H12O6 mean?
There are 12 hydrogen, 6 carbon, and 6 oxygen atoms
Two good examples of a colloid would be Jell-O and
Cytosol
An atom with a valence of 3 may have a total of ___ electrons.
13
Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?
HCL + NaOH -> NaCl +H2O
The chemical symbol O=O means
the atoms are double bonded
What is a dipole?
a polar molecule
What does CH4 mean?
there is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ___ reaction.
synthesis
Which of the following is NOT considered a factor in influencing a reaction?
time
Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?
H2O
Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?
High heat of vaporization
Sucrose is a
disaccharide
What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in neutral fats?
3:1
In a DNA molecule, the phosphate serves
to hold the molecular backbone together
Heat shock proteins (hsp) are a type of protein called
chaperonins
Which bonds often bind different parts of a molecule into a specific three-dimensional shape?
Hydrogen
