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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses?

A

Na

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2
Q

Choose the statement that is false or incorrect.

A

a key feature of the body’s metabolism is the almost exclusive use of exergonic reactions by the body

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3
Q

In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have

A

a high degree of unsaturated bonds

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4
Q

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the

A

sequence of nucleotides

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of proteins?

A

They appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information.

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6
Q

The single most abundant protein in the body is

A

Collagen

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7
Q

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of

A

Glycogen

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8
Q

Which of the following describes coenzymes?

A

organic molecules derived from vitamins

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9
Q

Which of the following is NOT a role of molecular chaperoning?

A

help to translocate proteins and certain metal ions across cell membranes

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10
Q

A chemical reaction in which bonds are broke is usually associated with

A

the released of energy

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11
Q

Salts are always

A

ionic compounds

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12
Q

The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?

A

2,8,1

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13
Q

A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being

A

acidic

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14
Q

Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?

A

sodium

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15
Q

Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?

A

CH4

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16
Q

Which is a chain of 25 amino acids called?

A

Polypeptide

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17
Q

Which of the following constitutes a long chain of simple sugars?

A

polysaccharide

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18
Q

What level of protein synthesis is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix?

A

secondary structure

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19
Q

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the

A

removal of a water molecule between each two units

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20
Q

Which statement about enzymes is FALSE?

A

Enzymes raise the activation energy needed to start a reaction

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21
Q

Which of the following statement is false?

A

Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully.

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22
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the concentration of solutions?

A

Molarity is one mole of solute per 1000 ml of solution.

23
Q

Select the statement about mixtures that is correct.

A

A solution contains solvent in large amounts and solute in smaller quantities

24
Q

Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-

A

a bicarbonate

25
Q

Select which reactions will usually be irreversible regarding chemical equilibrium in living system.

A

Glucose to CO2 and H2O

26
Q

What happens in redox reactions?

A

both decomposition and electron exchange occur

27
Q

Choose the answer that describes fibrous proteins.

A

are very stable and insoluble in water

28
Q

Which of the following does NOT describe the ATP molecule?

A

pigments

29
Q

Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.

A

DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A,T,G, and C bases.

30
Q

Which of the following is an example of a suspension?

A

blood

31
Q

Select the correct statement about isotopes.

A

Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic masses.

32
Q

The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are

A

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

33
Q

An example of a coenzyme is

A

riboflavin (vitamin B2)

34
Q

____ is fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal bone growth and function.

A

Vitamin D

35
Q

In liquid XYZ, you notice that light is scattered as it passes through. There is NO precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days. What type of liquid is that?

A

colloid

36
Q

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?

A

7

37
Q

Which protein types are vitally important to cell function in all types of stressful circumstances?

A

molecular chaperones

38
Q

If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?

A

37 protons and 37 electrons

39
Q

What does the formula C6H12O6 mean?

A

There are 12 hydrogen, 6 carbon, and 6 oxygen atoms

40
Q

Two good examples of a colloid would be Jell-O and

A

Cytosol

41
Q

An atom with a valence of 3 may have a total of ___ electrons.

A

13

42
Q

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?

A

HCL + NaOH -> NaCl +H2O

43
Q

The chemical symbol O=O means

A

the atoms are double bonded

44
Q

What is a dipole?

A

a polar molecule

45
Q

What does CH4 mean?

A

there is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.

46
Q

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ___ reaction.

A

synthesis

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered a factor in influencing a reaction?

A

time

48
Q

Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?

A

H2O

49
Q

Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?

A

High heat of vaporization

50
Q

Sucrose is a

A

disaccharide

51
Q

What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in neutral fats?

A

3:1

52
Q

In a DNA molecule, the phosphate serves

A

to hold the molecular backbone together

53
Q

Heat shock proteins (hsp) are a type of protein called

A

chaperonins

54
Q

Which bonds often bind different parts of a molecule into a specific three-dimensional shape?

A

Hydrogen

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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