Chapter 6

Question 1

Reactant

Answer 1

A substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction

Question 2

Product

Answer 2

A substance that forms in a chemical reaction

Question 3

Chemical energy

Answer 3

The energy released when a chemical compound reacts to a produce new compounds

Question 4

Exothermic reaction

Answer 4

A chemical reaction in which heat is released to the surroundings

Question 5

Endothermic reaction

Answer 5

A chemical reaction that requires heat

Question 6

Synthesis reaction

Answer 6

A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound

Question 7

Decomposition reaction

Answer 7

A reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances

Question 8

Electrolysis

Answer 8

The process in which an electric current is used to produce a chemical reaction

Question 9

Combustion reaction

Answer 9

The oxidation reaction of an organic compound in which heat is released

Question 10

Single-displacement reaction

Answer 10

A reaction in which one element or radical takes the place of another element or radical in a compound

Question 11

Double-displacement reaction

Answer 11

A reaction in which a gas, a solid precipitate, or a molecularcompound forms from the apparent exchange of atoms or ions between two compounds

Question 12

Oxidation-reduction reaction

Answer 12

Any chemical change in which one species is oxidized (loses electrons) and another species is reduced (gains electrons)

Question 13

Radical

Answer 13

An organic group that has one or more electrons available for bonding

Question 14

Chemical equation

Answer 14

A representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products

Question 15

Mole ratio

Answer 15

The relative number of moles of the substances required to produce a given amount of product in a chemical reaction

Question 16

Catalyst

Answer 16

A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed significantly

Question 17

Enzyme

Answer 17

A type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed

Question 18

Substrate

Answer 18

A part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance or element; the reactant in reactions catalyze by enzymes

Question 19

Chemical equilibrium

Answer 19

A state of balance in which the rate of the reverse reaction and the concentrations of products and reactants remain unchanged

Question 20

Reduced

Answer 20

To gain electrons

Question 21

Oxidized

Answer 21

To lose electrons

Question 22

Coefficient

Answer 22

a multiplier or factor that measures some property.

Question 23

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 23

mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations

Question 24

Law of definite proportions

Answer 24

given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio (by mass) and does not depend on its source and method of preparation