Atoms And The Periodic Table-Brooklyn Griffith Flashcards
Nucleus
An atoms central region which is made up of protons and neutrons
Proton
A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus
Neutron
A subatomic particle that has no charge and is located in the nucleus
Electron
Subatomic particle that has a negative charge located outside of the nucleus
Orbital
Region in atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons
Valence electron
Electron found in the outer most shell of an atom and determines chemical properties
Periodic law
Law that states that a repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements
Period
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
Group
A vertical column of elements in the periodic table
Ion
An atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass number
The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Isotope
An atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons
Atomic mass unit (amu)
A unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule
Average atomic mass
The weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element
Metal
An element that is shiny and conducts heat and electricity great
Nonmetal
An element that conducts heat and electricity poorly
Semiconductor
An element or compound that conducts electric current bette than an insulator but not as well as a conductor does
Alkali metal
One of the elements of group 1 of the periodic table
Alkaline-earth metal
One of the elements of group 2 of the periodic table
Transition metal
One of the elements of group 2 of the periodic table
Halogen
One of the elements of group 17 of the periodic table
Noble gas
An unreavtive element of group 18 of the periodic table
Mole
The SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance whose number of particles is the same as the number of atoms of carbon in 12g or carbon 12
Avoagdro’s constant
Equals 6.022*10^23/mol; the number of particles in 1 mol
Molar mass
The mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance
Conversion factor
A ratio that is derived from equality of two different units and that can be used to convert from one unit to another
