Chapter 6

Question 1

the recall of information after learning has taken place

Answer 1

memory

Question 2

information perceived through the senses and stored as memory

Answer 2

sensory memory

Question 3

where information is stored temporarily while it is being processed or for a short time afterward

Answer 3

short term memory

Question 4

the storehouse of knowledge that also includes the rules for applying knowledge

Answer 4

long term memory

Question 5

the length of time it takes for a person to process information or respond to a question

Answer 5

latency

Question 6

memory oriented toward the present or the future with no reference to the time at which the person stored the memory; includes learned skills through practice or a person’s general knowledge of the world

Answer 6

Non-episodic memory

Question 7

memory oriented toward the past, or acquired at specific time and place, as in learning in an experimental setting

Answer 7

episodic memory

Question 8

the process whereby a person puts new bits of information together with already stored information

Answer 8

encoding

Question 9

where recent acquired information is manipulated and processed at the same time as it is being stored temporarily

Answer 9

working memory

Question 10

refers to an exceptional mental performance, particularly when a person has to work at maximum mental capacity; first observed in cognitively impaired people who performed better than expected in everyday life

Answer 10

Cognitive reserve

Question 11

the brain’s ability to change and adapt over time

Answer 11

Plasticity

Question 12

refers to an older person’s fear of failure on memory tests leads, this leads to poor performance

Answer 12

Stereotype threat

Question 13

the idea that many conditions influence memory, including physical, psychological, and social contexts, and the knowledge, abilities, and characteristics of the individual, as well as the situation in which the individual is asked to remember

Answer 13

Contextual view of memory

Question 14

the store of factual information

Answer 14

semantic memory

Question 15

the ability to negotiate environmental demands successfully; that which intelligence tests measure; or what a person taking the test can do now

Answer 15

intelligence

Question 16

reasoning, abstracting, concept formation, and problem solving, with little use of knowledge gained through reading, schooling, or work

Answer 16

fluid intelligence

Question 17

intelligence that depends on stored information, acculturation, and learning

Answer 17

Crystallized intelligence

Question 18

highly valued and outstanding expert knowledge related to the meaning and conduct of life

Answer 18

wisdom

Question 19

the growth of wisdom in later life- an advanced style of cognition

Answer 19

Developmental intelligence

Question 20

a model that states that the greater the number of creative works a person produces in a given period within a career, the more great works are produced

Answer 20

Constant-probability-of-success model

Question 21

a sense of fulfillment at the end of a life well-lived

Answer 21

Integrity

Question 22

in later life, the self begins to expand its boundaries and reflect on the meaning of human life

Answer 22

Gero-transcendence

Question 23

unexpected events such as illnesses, layoffs, and accidents

Answer 23

Non-normative events

Question 24

historical events that shape a person’s life, such as the Great Depression of the 1930s or World War II

Answer 24

Normative history-graded events

Question 25

socially sanctioned events that occur most often at a certain age, like marriage or retirement

Answer 25

Normative age-graded events

Question 26

this theory holds that attitudes form for a generation in their teens. Those attitudes stay fairly stable throughout life

Answer 26

Generational event theory

Question 27

someone for whom major life events come early or late- a teenaged mother or a newlywed octogenarian- may feel out of sync with the age-status system

Answer 27

Age-status asynchronization

Question 28

a significant impairment in mental ability present at birth or acquired in childhood or adolescence

Answer 28

developmental disability

Question 29

the emotional state of feeling sad, helpless, irritable, and hopeless

Answer 29

depression

Question 30

the ability to understand information that applies to a decision, the ability to think about the consequences of the decision, and the ability to communicate a decision

Answer 30

competency

Question 31

process in which the court appoints someone to make decisions on another person’s behalf

Answer 31

Legal guardianship