Chapter 3

Question 1

demographers, experts who study population change, use at least 3 measures of ____ ______: (1) the number of older people in a population; (2) the median age of a population; (3) the proportion of older people in a population

Answer 1

population aging

Question 2

half the population is older and half is younger than the median age

Answer 2

median age

Question 3

comprise all of Europe and North America, plus Australia, Japan, and New Zealand

Answer 3

More developed regions:

Question 4

developing regions and counties (China, India, Vietnam)

Answer 4

Less developed regions

Question 5

consist of 49 countries with especially low incomes, high economic vulnerability, and poor human development indicators (Haiti, Bangladesh, Ethiopia)

Answer 5

Least developed regions

Question 6

the number of births per 1,000 women in a population

Answer 6

birth rate

Question 7

the average number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were to pass through all her childbearing years conforming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year

Answer 7

fertility rate

Question 8

the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population

Answer 8

death rate

Question 9

the death rate of children less than one year old

Answer 9

Infant mortality rate

Question 10

when a population changes from a high birth rate/high death rate condition to a low birth rate/death rate condition

Answer 10

Demographic transition

Question 11

the sharp rise in the fertility rate in Canada from about 1946 to the early 1960s

Answer 11

baby boom

Question 12

the sharp drop in the fertility rate from the mid-1960s on

Answer 12

baby bust

Question 13

the number of births in a given age group per 1,000 women in that age group

Answer 13

age-specific birth rate

Question 14

allows demographers to compare populations with different life expectancies; it also allows them to compare one society at different points in time as life expectancy increases; one measure uses a number of years of “remaining life expectancy” (RLF) as the start of old age

Answer 14

Prospective aging

Question 15

Canada’s basic retirement income program, which supplements the income of nearly all of the country’s older people

Answer 15

Old age security

Question 16

an income security program for the poorest older people

Answer 16

Guaranteed income supplement

Question 17

an income security program for spouses of pensioners who receive only Old Age Security Income

Answer 17

allowance

Question 18

the use of demographic facts (such as the aging of the population) to project the high cost of an aging population to predict that population aging will lead to economic and social crisis

Answer 18

Apocalyptic demography

Question 19

the combined total number of people under age 19 and people aged 65 and over divided by the number of people aged 20 to 64

Answer 19

Overall dependency ratio (or rate)

Question 20

a rate based solely on the number of people in each age group

Answer 20

Crude dependency rate

Question 21

the number of people aged 65 and older divided by the population aged 20 to 64

Answer 21

Elderly dependency ratio

Question 22

the number of people aged 0 to 19 years divided by the population aged 20 to 64

Answer 22

Youth dependency ratio

Question 23

the assumption that population dynamics determine the future of social relations and social institutions (e.g., the amount of dependency of the old on the youth)

Answer 23

Demographic determinism