chapter 5- personal health & illness Flashcards
the maximum number of years a member of a species can live
maximum lifespan
the number of years at birth an average member of a population can expect to live
life expectancy
changes within the body due to normal wear and tear, genetic mutation, and other internal sources of change, including a decrease in lung capacity, hardening of the arteries, and arthritis
intrinsic aging
changes due to external circumstances, including the effects of smoking, sunlight, and noise
extrinsic aging
normal decline that takes place in the body overtime
senescence
Look to the action of a person’s genes to find the sources of aging
programmed theories
refers to the number of cell divisions a cell can undergo in an organism before the cell dies; this limit differs for different species
hayflick limit
studies found that cells look longer to double in number, debris accumulated in the cells, the cells gradually stopped dividing, and in the end the cells died
phase II phenomenon
plays a role in limiting cell division; this process switches off the cell’s ability to divide. Early in life this process controls growth and produces normal development. But it leads to cell death and breakdown in the body overtime
Apoptosis
loss of muscle mass and function in later life
Sarcopenia
genes that serve a positive function early in life but damage the system later
Pleiotropic genes
View aging as a by-product of errors or mistakes within the body
error theories
Link aging to mistakes that take place in the synthesis of proteins
Somatic Mutation Theory
The long-term exposure to proteins of glucose molecules leads to a process called glycation
Cross-linking theory
the binding of a sugar molecule to a protein
Glycation