Chapter 6

Question 1

The brain (can,can’t) store oxygen or glucose.

Answer 1

can’t

Question 2

The brain uses ~_____% of all blood and ~_____% of all its oxygen

Answer 2

20

25

Question 3

Ischemia occurs when the brain is deprived of blood for _____.

Answer 3

10 seconds

Question 4

Electrical activity stops in the brain _____ after oxygen deprivation.

Answer 4

20 seconds

Question 5

Brain function is closely coupled with _____.

Answer 5

vasculature

Question 6

Blood vessels are denser in _____ than _____.

Answer 6

gray matter

white matter

Question 7

No neuron in the brain is more than _____ from blood supply.

Answer 7

100 micrometers

Question 8

80% of the blood that flows to the brain goes through the _____.

Answer 8

2 carotid arteries

Question 9

Two carotid arteries exists at the _____.

Answer 9

front/sides of the neck

Question 10

20% of the blood that flows to the brain goes through the _____.

Answer 10

vertebral arteries

Question 11

Two vertebral arteries exist at the _____.

Answer 11

back/sides of the neck

Question 12

The internal carotid arteries split and become the _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 12

anterior/L/R communicating arteries (COW)
anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
middle cerebral artery (MCA)

Question 13

The two vertebral arteries join to become the _____.

Answer 13

basilar artery

Question 14

The basilar artery splits and becomes the _____ and _____.

Answer 14

posterior communicating artery (COW)

posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

Question 15

The ACA supplies the _____ and _____.

Answer 15

medial frontal

parietal

Question 16

The MCA supplies the _____ and _____.

Answer 16

lateral frontal

parietal

Question 17

The ACA and MCA supply the _____.

Answer 17

forebrain

Question 18

The PCA supplies the _____, _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 18

temporal
brainstem
cerebellum

Question 19

_____ split from the MCA to supply the basal ganglia and thalamus.

Answer 19

Lenticulostriate arteries

Question 20

_____ split from the MCA to supply deep subcortical structures.

Answer 20

Perforating arteries

Question 21

Lenticulostriate arteries supply the _____ and _____.

Answer 21

basal ganglia

thalamus

Question 22

Perforating arteries supply _____.

Answer 22

deep subcortical structures

Question 23

A _____ is a region where arteries plunge into deep areas to perfuse.

Answer 23

perforated substance

Question 24

Perforated substances of the cortex include the _____, _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 24

basal ganglia
thalamus
caudate nucleus
globus pallidus

Question 25

AICA

Answer 25

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery

Question 26

PICA

Answer 26

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery

Question 27

SCA

Answer 27

Superior Cerebellar Artery

Question 28

A _____ is a connection of 2 blood vessels.

Answer 28

anastomoses

Question 29

An angiography is used to view _____.

Answer 29

blood vessels

Question 30

Blood flow to the brain is fixed at a rate of _____.

Answer 30

850 ml/min

Question 31

Each carotid artery has a blood flow rate of _____.

Answer 31

350 ml/min

Question 32

The basilar artery has a blood flow rate of _____.

Answer 32

100 ml/min

Question 33

Cerebral blood vessels (constrict,dilate) as blood pressure drops.

Answer 33

dilate

Question 34

The most common cause of neurological deficits is from _____.

Answer 34

Cerebrovascular disease/accidents

Question 35

The immediate centralized damage from a stroke is called the _____.

Answer 35

core

Question 36

The staggered and decentralized damage from a stroke is called the _____, and is caused by _____.

Answer 36

penumbra | the inflammation response

Question 37

A small lesion from a stroke is called a _____.

Answer 37

lacune

Question 38

The necrotic tissue from a stroke is called _____.

Answer 38

infarct

Question 39

The rupturing of an artery is called a _____.

Answer 39

hemorrhagic stroke

Question 40

AVM

Answer 40

Arteriovenous malformation

Question 41

An AVM is a congenital condition where _____ connect and can cause neurlogical problems.

Answer 41

arteries and veins connect (without capillaries)

Question 42

ACA damage can cause _____, and _____.

Answer 42

restricted contralateral somatosensation | contralateral motor deficits (usually leg)

Question 43

MCA damage can cause _____ and _____.

Answer 43

major contralateral somatosensory deficits | contralateral motor deficits

Question 44

PCA damage can cause _____.

Answer 44

visual problems

Question 45

A _____ is the area between major capillaries

Answer 45

watershed area

Question 46

Watershed areas are more susceptible to _____ and _____.

Answer 46

blood clots | strokes

Question 47

The _____ controls the flow of extracellular fluid into the brain.

Answer 47

BBB

Question 48

The BBB ends at the _____.

Answer 48

capillaries

Question 49

The BBB is comprised of _____.

Answer 49

astrocytes

Question 50

A leaky BBB implicates _____, such as _____.

Answer 50

diseases | MS (age-related)

Question 51

The venous system drains _____ from the brain.

Answer 51

deoxygenated blood

Question 52

Veins in the brain don't have _____.

Answer 52

valves

Question 53

SPECT

Answer 53

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Question 54

SPECT has a _____ resolution.

Answer 54

10mm

Question 55

PET

Answer 55

Positron Emission Tomography

Question 56

PET relies on _____, which _____.

Answer 56

radioactive tracers | bind to ligands that can cross the BBB

Question 57

fMRI has a _____ resolution.

Answer 57

2.5mm

Question 58

fMRI capitalizes on the difference of _____ to _____.

Answer 58

hemoglobin | deoxyhemoglobin

Question 59

fMRI capitalizes on _____.

Answer 59

iron levels in hemoglobin

Question 60

fMRI is BOLD (_____)

Answer 60

Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent

Question 61

fMRI is a _____ measure of neuronal activity

Answer 61

indirect