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Functional Neuroanatomy > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ is the core of the brainstem.

A

reticular formation

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2
Q

The caudal medulla contains the _____ continuous with that of the spinal cord.

A

central canal

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3
Q

The rostral medulla contains the central canal which expands into the _____.

A

fourth ventricle

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4
Q

Obex

A

The apex of the caudal fourth ventricle, where it narrows into the central canal

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5
Q

Pyramidal decussation

A

Where the pyramids cross at the junction of the spinal cord and brainstem

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6
Q

Olive

A

An enlarged oval swelling dorsal to the hypoglossal rootlets in the rostral medulla

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7
Q

The rootlets of the glossopharyngeal (XI) and vagus (X) nerves emerge from a shallow lateral groove dorsal to the _____.

A

olive

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8
Q

The cuneate tubercle marks the site of the _____.

A

nucleus cuneatus

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9
Q

The gracile tubercle marks the site of the _____.

A

nucleus gracilis

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10
Q

The _____ is a line of separation between motor nuclei and sensory nuclei.

A

sulcus limitans

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11
Q

Motor nuclei are _____ to the sulcus limitans.

A

medial

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12
Q

Sensory nuclei are _____ to the sulcus limitans.

A

lateral

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13
Q

Pons is the latin word for _____.

A

bridge

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14
Q

The _____ looks like a bridge, joining two cerebellar hemispheres.

A

basal pons

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15
Q

The _____ is where fibers projected from nuclei are funneled and enter the cerebellum.

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

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16
Q

The _____ exits where the pyramid emerges from the rostral basal pons.

A

abducens nerve (VI)

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17
Q

The _____ consists of the medial motor root and the smaller sensory root.

A

facial nerve (VII)

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18
Q

The _____ is slightly lateral to the facial nerve (VII)

A

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

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19
Q

The _____ forms the roof of the fourth ventricle.

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

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20
Q

The _____ emerges from the dorsal side of the brainstem where the superior cerebellar peduncle enters the brainstem.

A

trochlear nerve (IV)

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21
Q

The _____ is a flattened band of fibers covering the superior cerebellar peduncle and forms part of the ascending auditory system.

A

lateral lemniscus

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22
Q

The lateral lemniscus terminates in the _____.

A

inferior colliculus

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23
Q

The midbrain is characterized by the _____ on its posterior surface and the _____ on its anterior surface.

A

S/I colliculi

cerebral peduncles

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24
Q

The inferior colliculus projects to the _____.

A

medial geniculate nucleus

thalamic relay nucleus for hearing

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25
The _____ consists of the superior and inferior colliculi.
tectum
26
Tectum is Latin for _____.
roof
27
The area between the basal pons and the fourth ventricle is called the _____.
tegmentum
28
Tegmentum is Latin for _____.
covering
29
The tegmentum contains the _____, _____, and _____.
reticular formation CN nuclei and tracts ascending/descending pathways
30
The structures appended to the anterior surface of the brainstem contain _____.
fibers descending from the cerebral cortex
31
Most fibers of the pyramids decussate at the _____.
spinomedullary junction
32
Most of the fibers in the pyramids decussate at the spinomedullary junction and form the _____.
lateral corticospinal tracts
33
Corticospinal fibers travel in the _____ of the brainstem.
most ventral part
34
The spinothalamic tract at all levels of the brainstem is in or near the _____.
anterolateral corner of the tegmentum
35
The posterior columns terminate in the _____.
posterior column nuclei of the medulla
36
Posterior column nuclei
nucleus gracilis | nucleus cuneatus
37
Efferent fibers from posterior column nuclei decussate in the medulla to form the _____.
medial lemniscus
38
The caudal medulla exists between the _____ and _____.
pyramidal decussation | obex
39
Nucleus gracilis begins and ends a bit rostral to _____.
nucleus cuneatus
40
Postsynaptic fibers of the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus cross the midline in a ventral direction and form the _____.
contralateral medial lemniscus
41
Near the floor of the fourth ventricle is bundle of fibers called the _____ which is involved in coordinating head and eye movements.
medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
42
STT conveys...
pain and temperature
43
Posterior columns convey...
touch and proprioception
44
CST pathway
cortex, internal capsule, cerebral peduncles, basal pons, medullary pyramid, spinomedullary junction
45
posterior oclumns end in the _____.
medulla (in the gracilis nucleus)
46
STT ascends through the _____ to the _____.
anterior-lateral side of the tegmentum | thalamus
47
The caudal medulla is defined from the _____ to the _____.
spinomedullary junction | caudal end of the obex
48
The rostral medulla is defined from the _____ to the _____.
caudal end of the obex | rostral end of the obex
49
The caudal pons is defined from the _____ to the _____.
rostral end of the fourth ventricle | rostral edge of the middle cerebellar peduncle
50
The rostral pons is defined from the _____ to the _____.
rostral edge of the middle cerebellar peduncle | end of the cerebral aqueduct
51
The caudal midbrain is defined from the _____ to the _____.
end of the cerebral aqueduct | rostral end of the inferior colliculus
52
The caudal midbrain can be defined as the area of the _____.
inferior colliculus
53
The rostral midbrain is defined from the _____ to the _____.
intercollicular groove | posterior commisure
54
The rostral midbrain can be defined as the area of the _____.
superior colliculus
55
The reticular formation contains the _____, _____, and _____.
raphe nuclei gigantocellular reticular nucleus lateral zone
56
The pontine reticulospinal tract is _____.
medial
57
The medullary reticulospinal tract is _____.
lateral
58
The reticulospinal tracts control _____.
motor movements and reflexes
59
The reticular formation modulates ____ and _____.
pain | visceral reflexes
60
ARAS
ascending reticular activating system
61
The reticular formation is responsible for _____, _____, _____, and _____.
sleep consciousness arousal attention
62
Damage to the ARAS results in _____.
coma
63
The locus cereleus neurons produce _____.
NE
64
The substantia nigra and VTA neurons produce _____.
DA
65
DA neurons project to the _____ and _____ through _____.
frontal cortex limbic cortex mesocortical and mesolimbic fibers
66
The substantia nigra includes the _____ and _____.
pars compacta | pars reticularis
67
Pars compacta neurons project to _____ through _____.
caudate/putamen (striatum) | nigrostriatal fibers
68
DA in PFC controls _____.
motor initiation
69
The raphe nucleus neurons produce _____.
5HTP
70
ACh producing neurons reside in the _____, _____, and _____.
nucleus basalis septal nuclei substantia innominata
71
DA mental illnesses
Schizophrenia | Parkinsons
72
5HTP mental illness
depression
73
NE mental illness
Depression
74
ACh mental illness
Alzheimers
75
The brainstem is perfused by the _____ and _____.
vertebral-basilar artery system | PCA
76
The vertebral-basilar artery system gives rise to the _____.
circumferential artery system | wraps around the brainstem

Functional Neuroanatomy (14 decks)

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