Chapter 6 Flashcards
What exists in two forms (dimorphism), a Yeast form – innocuous and a Hyphal form – invasion of host tissue, and is by far the most common oral fungal infection in humans and can be wiped off? What causes this?
- Candidiasis
2. Candida albicans
Candidiasis comes in many forms, one of which is Pseudomembranous, what is this? What does it look like?
- Thrush
2. White plaques that resemble cottage cheese
Candidiasis comes in many forms, one of which is Erythematous, what is this? What does it look like? **This is the most common form. What are the 5 most common forms of this?
- No major white component.
- Underlying red (erythematous) color (can’t be wiped off)
- Most Common:
o Median rhomboid glossitis
o Chronic multifocal candidiasis
o Angular cheilitis
o Denture stomatitis
o Acute atrophic candidiasis (antibiotic sore mouth)
What is a form of Erythematous Candidiasis that is well-demarcated erythematous zone affecting the midline, posterior dorsal tongue? What is median rhomboid glossitis + signs of infection at other sites? Accentuated folds at the corners of the mouth where saliva can pool? What is “Chronic atrophic candidiasis” which is localized to denture-bearing areas of a maxillary removable denture? If the mouth feels as though a hot liquid scalded it with diffuse loss of filiform papillae of dorsal tongue (appears bald)?
- Median rhomboid glossitis (Central papillary atrophy)
- Chronic Multifocal Candidiasis
- Angular cheilitis **(Usually a combination of Albicans and Staph)
- Denture stomatitis
- Acute atrophic candidiasis
Candidiasis comes in many forms, one of which is Chronic hyperplastic, what is another name for this? What does it look like?
- AKA: Candidal Leukoplakia
2. White patch that cannot be removed, least common form of candidiasis.
Candidiasis comes in many forms, one of which is Mucocutaneous, what is this? What does it look like? Young patients can develop what 3 things?
- Rare group of immunologic disorders that mostly affects young patients.
- Oral lesions are white plaques that do not rub off, similar to chronic hyperplastic candidiasis.
- Young Patients:
o Endocrine-candidiasis syndrome
o Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) syndrome
♣ 10% have malignancies such as oral or esophageal carcinoma
o Iron-deficiency anemia
What is the clinical term for Angular cheilitis when found all around the mouth?
Cheilocandidiasis
What are the anti-fungal treatments that can be used for Candidiasis and facts for each?
• Nystatin (antifungal)
o Oral use as suspension or lozenge
o Bitter taste, so sugar is added
♣ Don’t use in xerostomia-related candidiasis
o Effectiveness depends on direct contact so multiple daily doses are necessary
• Amphotericin B
o IV treatment for life-threatening systemic fungal infections
• Imidazole Agents – Clotrimazole
o One brand name is Mycelex
o Formulated as a troche (lozenge)
o Effectiveness depends on direct contact so multiple daily doses are necessary
o Very few side effects
What is the most common systemic fungal infection in US, found in humid areas with soil enriched by bird or bat excrement, is dimorphic (Yeast at body temperature in human host and a Mold in natural environment) and are airborne spores which are inhaled, passed into the terminal passages of the lungs, and germinate? What is it caused by?
- Histoplasmosis
2. Histoplasma capsulatum
Which yeast infections don’t wipe off?
- Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis
2. Mucocutaneous
What is an uncommon disease, is dimorphic (Grows as yeasts at body temperature or grows as mold in rich, moist soil), and acquired by inhalation of spores after a rain, spores grow in alveoli of lungs? What is this caused by? What does it have histologically?
- Blastomycosis
- Blastomyces dermatitis
- Pseudoepitheliomatous (pseudocarcinomatous) hyperplasia
What is harbored by the Nine-banded armadillo (similar to the situation seen with leprosy), thought to be attributable to a protective effect of female hormones, and the organism often show multiple daughter buds on the parent cell, resulting in an appearance described as resembling “mickey mouse” or the spokes of a ship’s steering wheel (“mariner’s wheel”)? What is it caused by? What does it look like histologically?
- Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American Blastomycosis)
- Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
- Granulomatous inflammation (characterized by collections of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells.
What is a saprophytic organism (lives on dead/decaying organic matter), is dimorphic (Mold in natural environment, Yeast in infected host tissues), and has athrospores are produced by the mold, become airborne, and can be inhaled? What is it caused by?
- Coccidioidomycosis (San Joaquin Valley Fever)
2. Coccidioides immitis
What lives in pigeon excrement, grows in yeast in both the soil and infected tissue, and has a prominent mucopolysaccharide capsule that protects it from host defense and most patients who are diagnosed have immune suppression? What is it caused by?
- Cryptococcosis
2. Cryptococcus neoformans
What is found on decaying organic material, growth is enhanced by iron, appears black and necrotic, if untreated, massive tissue destruction may result? What is the deadly form of this that heath care professionals need to be aware of?
- Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis)
2. Rhinocerebral zygomycosis
