Chapter 2

Question 1

1. When do the crowns of deciduous teeth develop?
2. When do the crowns of permanent teeth develop?
3. Changes during this time that affect the Ameloblasts can cause?

Answer 1

1. 14th week gestation through 12 months
2. 6 months to 15 years
3. Tooth defects

Question 2

1. What is an Enamel defects seen in permanent teeth caused by periapical inflammatory disease of the overlying deciduous tooth?
2. In which teeth is it most commonly seen?

Answer 2

1. Turner’s Hypoplasia (Turner’s Tooth)

2. Most commonly seen in the Permanent Bicuspids because of their relationship to the overlying deciduous molars.

Question 3

1. What is a major concern of aesthetics of anterior teeth), from excess amounts of fluoride that can result in significant enamel defects?
2. When is the critical period for this?

Answer 3

1. Dental Fluorosis
2. The critical period for clinically significant dental fluorosis is during the second and third years of life, when these teeth are developing.

Question 4

1. What is rare, the teeth look like a straight-edge screwdriver?
2. What are the anterior teeth called?
3. What are the posterior teeth called?

Answer 4

1. Congenital Syphilis
2. Anterior: Hutchinson’s Incisors
3. Posterior: Mulberry Molars

Question 5

What is an individual with Hutchinson’s teeth, 8th nerve deafness (vestibulocochlear), saddle nose and interstitial keratitis (corneal scarring)? ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH SYPHILIS????

Answer 5

Hutchinson’s Triad

Question 6

1. What is loss of tooth structure caused by tooth-tooth contact?
2. What is pathologic wearing away of tooth structure (most common cause is toothbrushing)?
3. What exhibits features of both attrition and abrasion. (chewing tobacco between opposing teeth)?
4. What is a loss of tooth structure caused by a nonbacterial chemical process?
5. What is erosion from dental exposure to gastric secretions?
6. What is loss of tooth structure from occlusal stresses that create repeated tooth flexure?

Answer 6

1. Attrition (Bruxism)
2. Abrasion
3. Demastication
4. Erosion/Corrosion
5. Perimolysis
6. Abfraction

Question 7

What is lack of tooth development, that is rare, and most cases occur in the presence of hereditary hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia?

Answer 7

Anodontia

Question 8

1. What is lack of one or more teeth?
2. What are the three most commonly missing? **Absence of a deciduous tooth= likely to miss the associated permanent tooth
3. What is lack of 6+ teeth?

Answer 8

1. Hypodontia
2. 3rd molars most commonly affected, then 2nd premolars and lateral incisors.
3. Oligodontia

Question 9

1. What is supernumerary tooth/teeth?

2. What is the most common area?

Answer 9

1. Hyperdontia

2. The most common site is the maxillary incisor region (mesiodens).

Question 10

What is a single enlarged tooth or joined tooth in which the tooth count is normal when the anomalous tooth is counted as one? (Still have 32 teeth)

Answer 10

Gemination

Question 11

What is a single enlarged tooth or joined tooth in which the tooth count reveals a missing tooth when the anomalous tooth is counted as one? (31 teeth or less)

Answer 11

Fusion

Question 12

What is the union of two adjacent teeth by cementum alone without confluence of underlying dentin?

Answer 12

Concrescence

Question 13

1. What is a bend in the tooth root?

2. Where does this most commonly occur?

Answer 13

1. Dilaceration

2. Mandibular 3rd molars > maxillary 2nd premolars > mandibular 2nd molars

Question 14

1. What is an enlargement of the body and pulp chamber of a multi-rooted tooth, with apical displacement of the pulpal floor?
2. Can be isolated or syndromic, what are the three examples of this?

Answer 14

1. Taurodontism

2. Kleinfelters Syndrome (XXY), Amelogenesis imperfecta, Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome

Question 15

What is a syndrome which in addition to the dental findings, the predominant systemic changes are present variably and include kinky hair, osteosclerosis (base of skull and mastoid process), and brittle nails?

Answer 15

Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome

Question 16

1. What is a non-neoplastic deposition of excessive cementum that is continuous with the normal radicular cementum?
2. This can occur by local and systemic factors, what are examples of each?

Answer 16

1. Hypercementosis
2. • Local factors
   o Occlusal trauma
   o Adjacent inflammation (pulpal, periapical, periodontal)
   • Systemic factors:
   o Paget’s Disease of bone is strongly associated with generalized hypercementosis.

Question 17

What is a lack of clavicle and supernumerary teeth?

Answer 17

Clidocranial Dysplasia

Question 18

What are teeth that erupt in the wrong order?

Answer 18

Transposition

Question 19

What is failure to fully erupt/reach the level of occlusion?

Answer 19

Ankylosis

Question 20

1. What are developmental alterations in the structure of enamel in the absence of a systemic disorder?
2. Examples are Hypoplastic, Hypocalcified, and Hypomaturation, what are these (Don’t need to know these for exams/quizzes, but good to know)? **Usually both deciduous and permanent dentition are diffusely involved.

Answer 20

1. Amelogenesis Imperfecta
2. o Hypoplastic: Elaboration of the enamel matrix ‘pitting’ (Inadequate deposition of enamel matrix. Thin, hard, rough enamel; yellow teeth, or no enamel)
   o Hypocalcified: Mineralization of the matrix (Matrix is laid down appropriately but no mineralization occurs. Enamel is soft and easily lost, starts as yellow-brown or orange and becomes brown to black with rapid calculus apposition)
   o Hypomaturation: Maturation of the enamel ‘snow capped’ (Enamel matrix is laid down appropriately and begins to mineralize. Opaque white-brown-yellow discoloration with soft Enamel and chips away from dentin.)

Question 21

What typically occurs on Premolar teeth, usually bilateral and more common in the mandibular arch, that is seen in association with shovel-shaped incisors and up to 100% prevalent in Native Americans and common in Asians?

Answer 21

Dens Evaginatus

Question 22

What is a “tooth within a tooth” with a deep surface invagination of the crown or root that is lined by enamel?

Answer 22

Dens-in-dente -OR- Dens Invaginatus

Question 23

1. What is hereditary developmental disturbance of dentin in the absence of any systemic disorder? What is a way to see this?
2. What do x-rays look like?
3. This is a mutation in what gene?
4. What if it occurs with osteogenesis imperfecta, what is it called? What is this a mutation of? What is a way to see this?

Answer 23

1. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta, has Blue hue teeth color.
2. Bulbous crowns with no root/canal.
3. Dentin sialophosphoprotein gene (DSPP)
4. Osteogenesis imperfecta with opalescent teeth (mutation of the COL1A1 or COL1A2), has a Blue Sclera color and Blue teeth.

Question 24

1. What has two types (I and II) and has no correlation with systemic disease dentinogenesis imperfecta, but does affect dentin?
2. What differentiates type I and type II?

Answer 24

1. Dentin Dysplasia
2. Type I: “Rootless teeth”, Autosomal dominant, Enamel and coronal dentin are NORMAL, Radicular dentin loses organization and is shortened dramatically, “stream flowing around boulders”
   Type II: Autosomal dominant, Root length is normal, Blue-to-amber-to-brown translucence, Via XRAY: Bulbous crowns/Cervical constriction/Thin roots/Early obliteration of the pulp/Altered pulpal anatomy/Thistle tube-shaped
   and Pulp stones

Question 25

What is a localized, non-hereditary developmental abnormality of teeth with extensive adverse effects on the formation of enamel, dentin, and pulp?

Answer 25

Regional Odontodysplasia “Ghost Teeth”

Question 26

1. What is it called when you are born with teeth?

2. What is the syndrome where trauma occurs at the gingiva around Natal Teeth?

Answer 26

1. Natal Teeth

2. Riga’ Fede Disease