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Oral Pathology Exam I > Chapter 1 - Exam I > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Exam I Flashcards

1
Q
  1. When does central face development begin?

2. When does upper lip formation begin?

A
  1. Week 4

2. Week 6-7

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2
Q
  1. What forms the primary palate?
  2. What forms the secondary palate?
  3. Which bronchial arches are these formed from?
A
  1. Primary: Medial Nasal Processes merging.
  2. Secondary: Maxillary Processes.
  3. First Brachial Arch
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3
Q
  1. What makes up 90% of the hard and soft palates?

2. Label the image 1.

A
  1. The secondary palate.
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4
Q
  1. What causes a cleft lip?
  2. What is more common, bi-lateral or unilateral?
  3. When can a cleft lip be fixed?
A
  1. Failure of the medial nasal process with the maxillary process.
  2. 80% are Unilateral
  3. Rule of 10 (10 weeks, 10 lbs, or 10 gm %HM)
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5
Q
  1. What causes a cleft palate?
  2. What is the minimal manifestation of a Cleft Palate?
  3. When can you treat it?
  4. What are 45%, 30% and 25% of cleft palate cases?
A
  1. Failure of the palatal shelves to fuse.
  2. Bifid Uvula
  3. At 1.5 years
  4. 45%: CL & CP, 30%: CP, 25%: CL
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6
Q
  1. With Syndromic Clefts, what is the most common case?
  2. What is an syndrome associated with a Syndromic Cleft Palate?
  3. What are symptoms of this syndrome?
A
  1. Cleft Palate only.
  2. Pierre Robin Sequence
  3. Mandibular Micrognathia and Glossoptosis
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7
Q

What causes Nonsyndromic clefts?

A

Environmental factors (Maternal alcohol/smoking,

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8
Q

What causes a Lateral Facial Cleft?

A

Lack of fusion of the maxillary and mandibular processes (less than .5% of all clefts)

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9
Q

What causes an Oblique Facial Cleft?

A

Failure of fusion of the lateral nasal processes with the maxillary process. (Usually always associated with a CP)

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10
Q
  1. What causes a Median Cleft of the Upper Lip?

2. What is the order from most common to least common by race of major congenital defects?

A
  1. Failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes (very rare).
  2. Native Americans: 1/250, Asians: 1/300, Caucasians: 1/700, African American 1/500/
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11
Q

With the management of Orofacial Clefts management, what are some specialists that are involved?

A
  • Pediatrician
  • Plastic Surgeons
  • Speech Pathologist
  • Pediatric Dentist
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12
Q

What are mucosal invaginations that occur at the corners of the mouth on the vermilion border that are NOT associated with clefts and no treatment is required?

A

Commissural Lip Pits

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13
Q

What are congenital invaginations of the low lip, usually bilaterally located for which no treatment exists?

A

Paramedian Lip Pits

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14
Q
  1. What syndrome has its greatest significance with Paramedian Lip Pits, is genetically linked, and is the most common form of Syndromic Clefting?
  2. What does this cause?
A
  1. Van Der Woude Syndrome

2. Causes CL and CP

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15
Q

What are redundant folds of tissue on the mucosal side of the lip, are congenital, are more common on the Upper lip, has no treatment but for esthetics and is the only noticeable when smiling?

A

Double Lip

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16
Q

What syndrome usually causes Double Lip, Blepharochalasis (Eyelid Edema), and nontoxic thyroid enlargement?

A

Ascher Syndrome

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17
Q

What are “Ectopic” Sebaceous Glands, present in 80% of the population (Normal), appear as yellow/white papular lesions, are more common in adults and do not require treatment?

A

Fordyce Granules

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18
Q

What is present in up to 90% of African American adults & 50% children (Normal), clinically typically appears as diffuse, gray-white, milky, opalescent lesions found bilaterally on buccal mucosa, do not rub off, goes away by stretching the oral mucosa and has no treatment?

A

Leukoedema

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19
Q

What is an abnormally small tongue that is usually syndromic and the syndromes usually have associated limb features, such as:
• Hypodactylia (Absence of digits)
• Hypomelia (Hypoplasia of part or all of a limb)

A

Microglossia

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20
Q

What is frequently associated with hypoplasia of the mandible (micrognathia), the lower incisors may be missing and treatment depends on nature & severity of condition?

A

Aglossia

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21
Q

Macroglossia, an abnormally large tongue, most frequently caused by what things?

A

o Vascular malformations
o Muscular hypertrophy
o Other etiologies: Lymphangioma, Down syndrome, Amyloidosis, Angioedema and Tumors.

22
Q

What is a syndrome that is common in individuals with Macroglossia, which increases the likelihood of tumors in children

A

Beckwith-Wiedmann Syndrome

23
Q

What is developmental tongue abnormality characterized by a short, thick lingual frenum resulting in limitation of tongue movement, present in up to 4% of neonates (newborns), may cause problems with speech and breastfeeding, where no treatment required if asymptomatic but a frenotomy or frenuloplasty must wait until age 4-5?

A

Ankyloglossia

24
Q

What is it called when the Thyroid Gland fails to descend during week 7 of development and can be found between the foramen cecum and the epiglottis, is 7x more common in females, causes 1/3 to have hypothyroidism?

A

Lingual Thyroid

25
Q
  1. What is also known as Scrotal tongue where the tongue exhibits multiple grooves/furrows on dorsal tongue can cause mild burning sensation in the mouth, is strongly association with geographic tongue?
  2. What syndrome is associated with this?
A
  1. Fissured Tongue

2. Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome

26
Q
  1. What is asymptomatic (may burn or hurt) and comes and goes with time?
  2. What is this called when not found on the tongue?
A
  1. Geographic Tongue

2. Erythema Migrans

27
Q

What is characterized by marked accumulation of keratin on the filiform papilla of dorsal tongue, where many patients are heavy smokers, has an unknown etiology, is usually asymptomatic, but occasional patients complain of: Gagging sensation, Bad taste, Halitosis, and Esthetics. Some individuals have a white dorsal tongue termed coated tongue due to bacterial & desquamated epithelial cells and may cause Halitosis (Bad Breath)?

A

Hairy Tongue

28
Q

What is superficial dilated veins, more common in older adults, the most common type of oral varicosity is Sublingual Varix, most commonly appears as multiple, blue-purple, elevated or papular nodules on ventral & lateral tongue, is asymptomatic and has no treatment?

A

Varicosities

29
Q

What is a main arterial branch extends up into the superficial submucosal tissues without a reduction in its diameter, occurs almost exclusively on lip mucosa, its unique feature is pulsation and has no treatment?

A

Caliber Persistent Artery

30
Q

What results in the limitation of mandibular movement, is more commonly bilateral, and causes the mandible to deviate toward the affected side?

A

Coronoid Hyperplasia

31
Q

What causes self-limiting, excessive growth that causes deviation towards opposite side (right overgrowth = deviation to left)?

A

Condylar Hyperplasia

32
Q
  1. What is localized bony protuberances that arise from the cortical plated has no treatment except removal if trauma is an issue?
  2. What are the two most common examples of this?
A
  1. Exostoses

2. Best known types are: Torus palatines and Torus mandibularis.

33
Q

What are a bilateral row of bony hard nodules along the facial of the alveolar ridge, is more common on the maxilla and found in up to 20% of adults?

A

Buccal Exostoses

34
Q

What develop from the lingual aspect of the maxillary tuberosities, are usually bilateral, found in up to 70% of the population and usually have accompanying palatal or mandibular tori?

A

Palatal Exostoses

35
Q

What are common exostosis (up to 35% of adults) that occurs in the midline of the hard palate that can have possible morphologic appearances such as: Flat – broad base with smooth surface, Spindle – midline ridge or median groove, Nodular – multiple protuberances, each with an individual base, Lobular – multiple protuberances, arise from a single base, Sessile or pedunculate?

A

Torus Palatinus

36
Q

What are common exostosis (up to 20% of adults) that develops along the lingual aspect of mandible, and are bilaterally found in 90%?

A

Torus Mandibularis

37
Q

What is a lingual mandibular salivary gland depression which causes a focal concavity of the cortical bone in the lingual surface of the mandible, is classically asymptomatic, and are usually unilateral but can be bilateral?

A

Stafne Defect

38
Q
  1. What is a pathologic cavity lined by epithelium?

2. They slowly increase in size, why?

A
  1. Cyst

2. They are fluid filled and increase due to hydrostatic pressure

39
Q

White spots found on the palate of a newborn that are self-healing and normal, what is this and what are two other names?

A

Palatal Cysts, more specifically called Epstein’s Pearls or Bohn’s Nodules. (Epstein’s Pearls are more common)

40
Q

What appears as a swelling of the upper lip, lateral to midline, in SOFT tissues, resulting in elevation of ala of the nose and are usually unilateral?

A

Nasolabial Cyst

41
Q

What is the most common form of cyst found in the maxillary lateral incisor and canine or a Periapical cyst? (Name the general term that is not used anymore, and the two commonly used names today)

A

Globulomaxillary Cyst Radiolucency:

  • Radicular Cyst
  • Periapical Granuloma
42
Q
  1. What is the most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity that is usually found between the central incisors?
  2. What is considered out of the “normal” size of these cysts?
  3. What are these called when found only in soft tissue and do not involve bone?
A
  1. Nasopalatine Duct Cyst OR Incisive Canal Cyst
  2. 6 mm. or greater
  3. Cysts of the Incisive Papilla
43
Q
  1. What is the most common cyst (80%) found on the skin, usually involving a hair follicle, but can also be seen in the oral cavity?
  2. What also involve a hair follicle, but usually on the scalp?
  3. What is a cyst that is lined by epidermis-like epithelium and contains dermal ADNEXAL structures in the cyst wall?
A
  1. Epidermoid Cyst
  2. Pilar Cyst
  3. Dermoid Cyst
44
Q

What cyst develops from epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal tract, usually along the CENTRAL/MIDLINE neck?

A

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

45
Q
  1. What cyst develops within oral lymphoid tissue, is yellow and is the most common cyst in the floor of the mouth and also grow where Waldeyer’s rings (palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, pharyngeal adenoids) are present?
A

Lymphoepithelial Cyst

46
Q
  1. What is a cyst that occurs in the upper LATERAL neck along anterior border of SCM as a soft, fluctuant mass?
  2. What is another name for this?
A
  1. Branchial Cleft Cyst

2. Cervical Lymphoepithelial Cyst

47
Q

What is assymetric overgrowth of one or more body parts (unilateral Macroglossia)?

A

Hemihyperplasia

48
Q
  1. What is atrophy affecting one side of the face?
  2. Which disease is it associated with?
  3. What similar features is it associated with?
A
  1. Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy
  2. Borelia infection (Lyme disease)
  3. Many features are similar to localized form of scleroderma (linear scleroderma = en coup de sabre or strike of the sword)
49
Q
  1. What is painless, unilateral enlargement of the maxillary bone, along with overgrowth of overlying gingiva?
  2. Which teeth are usually missing with this?
  3. What other diseases is it related to?
A
  1. Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia
  2. Maxillary Premolars
  3. Crouzon syndrome; Craniofacial Dysostosis, Characterized by craniosynostosis (premature closing of the cranial sutures), Brachycephaly (short head), scaphocephaly (boat-shaped head), trigonocephaly (triangle head), Most severe cases demonstrate a “cloverleaf” skull (kleeblatt-schadel deformity), Ocular proptosis, underdeveloped maxilla and a Skull x-ray= “beaten-metal” pattern.
50
Q

What syndrome is associated with ocular proptosis, hypertelorism, downward slant lateral palpebral fissures, syndactyly of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th digits of hands and feet, mental retardation, oral: trapezoid shape to lips (open mouth), ¾ have cleft soft palate or bifid uvula?

A

Apert syndrome OR Acrocephalosyndactyly

51
Q

What syndrome is associated with hypoplastic zygoma, COLOBOMA (notch on outer portion of lower eyelid), underdeveloped mandible?

A

Mandibulofacial Dysostosis OR Treacher-Collins Syndrome

Oral Pathology Exam I (6 decks)

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