Reversible Pulpits, Irreversible Pulpitis (Needs a root canal) and Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis (Chronic inflammation of the pulp/pulp tissue coming out of tooth) are examples of what?
Pulpitis
Periapical Granuloma, Apical Periodontal Cyst, Periapical Abscess and Periapical Scar are examples of what?
Periapical Pathology
Sinus Tract, Osteomyelitis, Cellulitis (Ludwig’s Angina, Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis) and Condensing Osteitis are examples of what?
Sequelae of Periapical Pathology
____% of all lesions found at the periapical region are pulpal in etiology? Which is the most common?
- 95%
2. Periapical Granuloma
What are most are asymptomatic, tooth not typically mobile, usually not sensitive to percussion and the tooth does not respond to thermal or electric pulp tests? How do you treat these? What do these look like histologically?
- Periapical Granuloma
- Conventional endodontic treatment, Surgical endodontic treatment, or Extraction
- Histo: Mix of everything
What is an inflammatory stimulation of epithelium in the area (Rests of Malassez)? What do these look like histologically?
- Apical Periodontal Cyst (Also called Periapical Cyst or Radicular Cyst)
- Histo: White space with spider web
What is an accumulation of acute inflammatory cells at the apex of a nonvital tooth? What do these look like histologically?
- Periapical Abscess
2. Histo: Lots of Neutrophils
- What is the defect created by periapical inflammatory lesions may fill with dense collagenous tissue and most frequently when both the facial and lingual cortical plates have been lost?
- When does it occur most commonly?
- What does it look like histologically?
- Periapical Scar
- Surgical endodontic therapy
- Histo: Just dense CT
What is a periapical abscess with pus formation (that dissects through bone/destroys bone), perforates the cortical plate of bone and extends into soft tissue, and follows the path of least resistance?
Sinus Tract
- What marks the exit point of the sinus tract on the oral mucosa?
- What is it also known as?
- Intraoral Sinus Tract
2. Also called Parulis or “Gum Boil”
- What is typically an enlarged nodular mass with a red lesion with other shades of yellow, white, purple?
- Where are they most commonly seen?
- Cutaneous Sinus Tract
2. Mandibular teeth
- What is acute or chronic inflammation in bone, usually due to bacterial infection and has symptoms such as fever, swelling and sensitivity?
- What does it result in?
- When does it usually occur?
- During acute infection, fragments of necrotic bone may become surrounded by new, vital bone called what?
- Osteomyelitis
- Expanding lytic destruction, Suppuration and Sequestra formation.
- Arise after odontogenic infections or traumatic fracture
- Involucrum
- What is the purulence perforates the cortex and spreads diffusely through the overlying soft tissue, the purulence is unable to establish a drainage point so it begins to spread through soft tissues and typically spreads through tissue layers?
- This has two dangerous types associated with dental infections, what are they?
- Cellulitis
2. Ludwig’s Angina and Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
What is tissue growing out of an extraction site?
Epulis Granulomatosa
- What is Cellulitis of the submandibular region, where 70% of the cases develops from abscess of a mandibular molar tooth, rapidly swelling of the sublingual, submandibular, and submittal spaces, and may extend to the spaces around the throat and close off the airway and creates massive swelling of the neck (may cause death)?
- This can also cause sublingual involvement causes swelling and elevation of the tongue, what is this called?
- This can also cause submandibular space spread causes enlargement and tenderness of the neck, what is this called?
- Ludwig’s Angina
- Woody tongue
- Bull neck
What are the 4 steps of treatment for Ludwig’s Angina?
o 1-Maintenance of the airway
o 2-Incision and drainage
o 3-Antibiotic therapy
o 4-Elimination of original focus of infection
- What typically results from abscess of a maxillary anterior or premolar tooth, it appears as an edematous periorbital enlargement, and swelling typically present along the lateral border of the nose? **(You can also see Protrusion and fixation of the eyeball, Pupil dilation with photophobia, Excessive lacrimation (tearing), Loss of sight in the involved eye, Meningitis, Brains abscess, and can cause death)
- What is the treatment for this?
- Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
2. Surgical drainage and High-dose antibiotics
- What is a localized area of bone sclerosis associated with apices of teeth with pulpitis and in association with inflammation is critical in diagnosis (radiographically identical to idiopathic osteosclerosis) **(Radiographically: Increased RO adjacent to tooth apex that has a thickened PDL or apical inflammatory lesion, No RL border (distinguishes from focal cemento-osseous dysplasia), Not separated from apex (distinguishes from idiopathic osteosclerosis))?
- What is another name for this?
- Condensing Osteitis
2. Focal Sclerosing Osteomyelitis
What is chronic inflammation of the pulp/pulp tissue coming out of tooth?
Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis
