Chapter 3

Question 1

Reversible Pulpits, Irreversible Pulpitis (Needs a root canal) and Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis (Chronic inflammation of the pulp/pulp tissue coming out of tooth) are examples of what?

Answer 1

Pulpitis

Question 2

Periapical Granuloma, Apical Periodontal Cyst, Periapical Abscess and Periapical Scar are examples of what?

Answer 2

Periapical Pathology

Question 3

Sinus Tract, Osteomyelitis, Cellulitis (Ludwig’s Angina, Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis) and Condensing Osteitis are examples of what?

Answer 3

Sequelae of Periapical Pathology

Question 4

____% of all lesions found at the periapical region are pulpal in etiology? Which is the most common?

Answer 4

1. 95%

2. Periapical Granuloma

Question 5

What are most are asymptomatic, tooth not typically mobile, usually not sensitive to percussion and the tooth does not respond to thermal or electric pulp tests? How do you treat these? What do these look like histologically?

Answer 5

1. Periapical Granuloma
2. Conventional endodontic treatment, Surgical endodontic treatment, or Extraction
3. Histo: Mix of everything

Question 6

What is an inflammatory stimulation of epithelium in the area (Rests of Malassez)? What do these look like histologically?

Answer 6

1. Apical Periodontal Cyst (Also called Periapical Cyst or Radicular Cyst)
2. Histo: White space with spider web

Question 7

What is an accumulation of acute inflammatory cells at the apex of a nonvital tooth? What do these look like histologically?

Answer 7

1. Periapical Abscess

2. Histo: Lots of Neutrophils

Question 8

1. What is the defect created by periapical inflammatory lesions may fill with dense collagenous tissue and most frequently when both the facial and lingual cortical plates have been lost?
2. When does it occur most commonly?
3. What does it look like histologically?

Answer 8

1. Periapical Scar
2. Surgical endodontic therapy
3. Histo: Just dense CT

Question 9

What is a periapical abscess with pus formation (that dissects through bone/destroys bone), perforates the cortical plate of bone and extends into soft tissue, and follows the path of least resistance?

Answer 9

Sinus Tract

Question 10

1. What marks the exit point of the sinus tract on the oral mucosa?
2. What is it also known as?

Answer 10

1. Intraoral Sinus Tract

2. Also called Parulis or “Gum Boil”

Question 11

1. What is typically an enlarged nodular mass with a red lesion with other shades of yellow, white, purple?
2. Where are they most commonly seen?

Answer 11

1. Cutaneous Sinus Tract

2. Mandibular teeth

Question 12

1. What is acute or chronic inflammation in bone, usually due to bacterial infection and has symptoms such as fever, swelling and sensitivity?
2. What does it result in?
3. When does it usually occur?
4. During acute infection, fragments of necrotic bone may become surrounded by new, vital bone called what?

Answer 12

1. Osteomyelitis
2. Expanding lytic destruction, Suppuration and Sequestra formation.
3. Arise after odontogenic infections or traumatic fracture
4. Involucrum

Question 13

1. What is the purulence perforates the cortex and spreads diffusely through the overlying soft tissue, the purulence is unable to establish a drainage point so it begins to spread through soft tissues and typically spreads through tissue layers?
2. This has two dangerous types associated with dental infections, what are they?

Answer 13

1. Cellulitis

2. Ludwig’s Angina and Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis

Question 14

What is tissue growing out of an extraction site?

Answer 14

Epulis Granulomatosa

Question 15

1. What is Cellulitis of the submandibular region, where 70% of the cases develops from abscess of a mandibular molar tooth, rapidly swelling of the sublingual, submandibular, and submittal spaces, and may extend to the spaces around the throat and close off the airway and creates massive swelling of the neck (may cause death)?
2. This can also cause sublingual involvement causes swelling and elevation of the tongue, what is this called?
3. This can also cause submandibular space spread causes enlargement and tenderness of the neck, what is this called?

Answer 15

1. Ludwig’s Angina
2. Woody tongue
3. Bull neck

Question 16

What are the 4 steps of treatment for Ludwig’s Angina?

Answer 16

o 1-Maintenance of the airway
o 2-Incision and drainage
o 3-Antibiotic therapy
o 4-Elimination of original focus of infection

Question 17

1. What typically results from abscess of a maxillary anterior or premolar tooth, it appears as an edematous periorbital enlargement, and swelling typically present along the lateral border of the nose? **(You can also see Protrusion and fixation of the eyeball, Pupil dilation with photophobia, Excessive lacrimation (tearing), Loss of sight in the involved eye, Meningitis, Brains abscess, and can cause death)
2. What is the treatment for this?

Answer 17

1. Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis

2. Surgical drainage and High-dose antibiotics

Question 18

1. What is a localized area of bone sclerosis associated with apices of teeth with pulpitis and in association with inflammation is critical in diagnosis (radiographically identical to idiopathic osteosclerosis) **(Radiographically: Increased RO adjacent to tooth apex that has a thickened PDL or apical inflammatory lesion, No RL border (distinguishes from focal cemento-osseous dysplasia), Not separated from apex (distinguishes from idiopathic osteosclerosis))?
2. What is another name for this?

Answer 18

1. Condensing Osteitis

2. Focal Sclerosing Osteomyelitis

Question 19

What is chronic inflammation of the pulp/pulp tissue coming out of tooth?

Answer 19

Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis