Chapter 6 Flashcards
Animal biotechnology
The application of biotechnology methods to improve animals
Atom
The smallest unit of an element
Biotechnology
The management of biological systems for the benefit of humans
Chromosome
One of the thread-like parts of a cell nucleus contains the genetic material
DNA
A protein-like nuclei acid on genes that controls inheritance
Dominant trait
A trait that covers up or masks the allele for a recessive trait
DNA sequencing
Determine the order of the nucleotides in a DNA fragment
Gene
A segment of a chromosome that contains a hereditary trait of an organism
Gene transfer
The moving of a green from one organism to another
Genetic code
The sequence of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule
Allele
An alternate form of a gene
Genetics
The laws and processes of inheritance by offspring from parents
Genome
The genetic material for an organism
Heredity
The passing of traits from parent to offspring
Heterozygous
Having different alleles for particular trait
Homozygous
Having similar alleles for a trait
Micro injunction
A process of injecting DNA into a cell using a fine-diameter glass needle and a microscope
Molecular biotechnology
The science of changing the structure and parts of cells to change an organism
Molecule
The smallest unit of a substance
Mutation
A change that naturally occurs in the genetic material of an organ
Oocyte
An immature egg cell in the ovary of a female
Oocyte transfer
The process of transferring an oocyte from a donor to a recipient in which fertilization will occur
Organismic biotechnology
The science of improving intact or complete organisms without artificially changing their genetic makeup
Particle injection
Using a mircoporjectile unit to shoot tiny particles costed with DNA into cells
Phenotype
An organisms physical or outward appearance
Probability
The likelihood or chance that a trait will occur
Punnett square
technique for predicting phenotype
Recessive trait
a genetic trait masked by a dominant trait
Recombinant DNA
Gene splicing; genes are cut and moved to a cell to be altered
Super ovulation
Getting a female to release more than the usual number of eggs during a single estrous cycle
Synthetic biology
Using chemical substances to create systems with some of the charactristics of living organisms
Transgenic animal
An animal that has stably incorporated a foreign gene into its cells
When was biotechnology invented
1977
Synthetic uses what to create lifelike conditions
Vesicles
Vesicles
Are cell like structures with external membranes
What is selection
Mating animals to produce certain characteristics: Low birthweight Heavier weaning weight Color Horned or polled Temperament
Sequence codes for amino acids and protiens is also called
Genetic code
How many atoms are needed to make a molecule
2
Genetic variation
Used to create a superior offspring
Undesirable characteristics
Dwarfism
Monorchid
Cryptorchid
Short ears and tails
Lethal mutation
Causes death at birth
Sublethal mutation
Limits animals ability to grow
Beneficial mutation
Losing their tail in lambs
Random mating
All males have an equal opportunity to mate with females
Outcrossing
Mating purebreds with unrelated purebreds
Inbreeding
Mating related animals
Line breeding
Parents mated to offspring
Increased population
Milk hormones bSt
Meat hormones pSt
Growth hormones
Enhancing animal nutrition
Digestability testing
Controlled feeding
Biotechnology issues
Threats to animals Threats to people Environmental concerns Economical gains Benefits to other countrys Possible threats to personal beliefs
