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Animal Science 🐮🐰🐶🐱🐥🐴🐗🐄 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Animal biotechnology

A

The application of biotechnology methods to improve animals

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2
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of an element

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3
Q

Biotechnology

A

The management of biological systems for the benefit of humans

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4
Q

Chromosome

A

One of the thread-like parts of a cell nucleus contains the genetic material

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5
Q

DNA

A

A protein-like nuclei acid on genes that controls inheritance

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6
Q

Dominant trait

A

A trait that covers up or masks the allele for a recessive trait

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7
Q

DNA sequencing

A

Determine the order of the nucleotides in a DNA fragment

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8
Q

Gene

A

A segment of a chromosome that contains a hereditary trait of an organism

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9
Q

Gene transfer

A

The moving of a green from one organism to another

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10
Q

Genetic code

A

The sequence of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule

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11
Q

Allele

A

An alternate form of a gene

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12
Q

Genetics

A

The laws and processes of inheritance by offspring from parents

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13
Q

Genome

A

The genetic material for an organism

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14
Q

Heredity

A

The passing of traits from parent to offspring

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15
Q

Heterozygous

A

Having different alleles for particular trait

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16
Q

Homozygous

A

Having similar alleles for a trait

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17
Q

Micro injunction

A

A process of injecting DNA into a cell using a fine-diameter glass needle and a microscope

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18
Q

Molecular biotechnology

A

The science of changing the structure and parts of cells to change an organism

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19
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest unit of a substance

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20
Q

Mutation

A

A change that naturally occurs in the genetic material of an organ

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21
Q

Oocyte

A

An immature egg cell in the ovary of a female

22
Q

Oocyte transfer

A

The process of transferring an oocyte from a donor to a recipient in which fertilization will occur

23
Q

Organismic biotechnology

A

The science of improving intact or complete organisms without artificially changing their genetic makeup

24
Q

Particle injection

A

Using a mircoporjectile unit to shoot tiny particles costed with DNA into cells

25
Q

Phenotype

A

An organisms physical or outward appearance

26
Q

Probability

A

The likelihood or chance that a trait will occur

27
Q

Punnett square

A

technique for predicting phenotype

28
Q

Recessive trait

A

a genetic trait masked by a dominant trait

29
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

Gene splicing; genes are cut and moved to a cell to be altered

30
Q

Super ovulation

A

Getting a female to release more than the usual number of eggs during a single estrous cycle

31
Q

Synthetic biology

A

Using chemical substances to create systems with some of the charactristics of living organisms

32
Q

Transgenic animal

A

An animal that has stably incorporated a foreign gene into its cells

33
Q

When was biotechnology invented

A

1977

34
Q

Synthetic uses what to create lifelike conditions

A

Vesicles

35
Q

Vesicles

A

Are cell like structures with external membranes

36
Q

What is selection

A 
Mating animals to produce certain characteristics: 
Low birthweight 
Heavier weaning weight 
Color
Horned or polled 
Temperament
37
Q

Sequence codes for amino acids and protiens is also called

A

Genetic code

38
Q

How many atoms are needed to make a molecule

A

2

39
Q

Genetic variation

A

Used to create a superior offspring

40
Q

Undesirable characteristics

A

Dwarfism
Monorchid
Cryptorchid
Short ears and tails

41
Q

Lethal mutation

A

Causes death at birth

42
Q

Sublethal mutation

A

Limits animals ability to grow

43
Q

Beneficial mutation

A

Losing their tail in lambs

44
Q

Random mating

A

All males have an equal opportunity to mate with females

45
Q

Outcrossing

A

Mating purebreds with unrelated purebreds

46
Q

Inbreeding

A

Mating related animals

47
Q

Line breeding

A

Parents mated to offspring

48
Q

Increased population

A

Milk hormones bSt
Meat hormones pSt
Growth hormones

49
Q

Enhancing animal nutrition

A

Digestability testing

Controlled feeding

50
Q

Biotechnology issues

A 
Threats to animals 
Threats to people
Environmental concerns 
Economical gains 
Benefits to other countrys
Possible threats to personal beliefs

Animal Science 🐮🐰🐶🐱🐥🐴🐗🐄 (10 decks)

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