Chapter 11 Flashcards
What is pasteurization
The process that destroys harmful bacteria in milk
At what temperature and how long should you heat the milk during pasteurization
161 degrees F and for 15 seconds
What is homogenization?
Process that keeps the fat and milk liquid from separating
How many dairy cows are on farms in the U.S
9.1 million
How much milk do cows produce annually
165 pounds
Most herds range from 35-?
500
What was approved in 1994
rBST
How much milk should the udder hold?
50-70 lbs
How many days do cows produce
305
What is the gestation period of a cow
383 days
How long is a cow dry before calving
50-60
Alveoli
Tiny structures that remove nutrients from the blood and convert it to milk
Milk is made up of what percent of water
87%
What tow nutrients each make up less than 4% of milk
Fat and protein
What percent of lactose is In milk
4%
Top 7 dairy breeds
Holstein Ayrshire Jersey Brown Swiss Guernsey Milking Shorthorn Red and white
How many times a day must a cow be milked?
2
Culling
Choosing which cows to remove from the herd
Linear Evaluation
Coding of 15 primary traits of a cow
Immunoglobulin
Antibodies in the milk that the baby calf develop passive immunity
When and where were the first dairy cows brought over?
Jamestown Colony 1611
