Chapter 6

Question 1

five dimensions of educational politics

Answer 1

• Political pressure from federal, state, and local levels
• Conflicting beliefs about what should be taught and how it should be taught
• Competition for education resources
• Changing legal rights and responsibilities of teachers
• Push for higher standards, testing, and accountability

Question 2

importance of 10th Amendment

Answer 2

• Basis for giving states legal authority to create and manage school systems
• Gives states all powers not reserved for the federal gov’t

Question 3

school-based management

Answer 3

• approach to restructuring schools
• three components
• decisions delegated from superintendent and school board to teachers, principals, parents, community members, and students
• decision making body made up of teachers, the principal, and parents implements the SBM plan
• SBM programs operate with full support of the superintendent of schools

Question 4

regional educational service agency

Answer 4

• least understood branch of state public school system
• local school districts can receive supportive service that they do not have themselves
• Primary role is to provide assistance directly to districts in areas of
• staff development
• curriculum development
• instructional media
• program evaluation

Question 5

four ways federal government influences education

Answer 5

1. Exert moral suasion
   - develop a vision and promote educational goals for the nation
2. Provide categorical aid
   - funding if school adopts federally endorsed programs, methods, or curricula
3. Regulate
   - withhold federal funds if school fails to follow legal statutes related to equal educational opportunity
4. Fund educational research

Question 6

hybrid teacher

Answer 6

• part time classroom teaching and leadership role in school or district

Question 7

teacherpreneur

Answer 7

• “always engaged with students while also investing know how and energy into important projects including those supported by the district, the state, or a partnering organization”

Question 8

local funding for education

Answer 8

property taxes

Question 9

state funding for education

Answer 9

• sales tax and income tax

* known as state aid

Question 10

federal funding for education

Answer 10

• block grants
• Education Consolidation and Improvement Act (ECIA)
• Entitlements
• Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965
• reauthorized as No Child Left Behind in 2002 by GW Bush
• Vocational Education Act 1963
• Manpower Development and Training Act 1963
• Economic Opportunity Act 1964
• Bilingual Education Act 1968
• Indian Education Act 1972
• Education for All Handicapped Children Act 1975

Question 11

redistricting

Answer 11

• common approach to achieving equal funding

* redrawing district boundaries to reduce the range of variation in the ability of district to finance education

Question 12

vertical equity

Answer 12

• allocating funds according to legitimate educational needs

Question 13

school choice

Answer 13

• bitter struggle for control of schools

* practice of allowing parents to choose the school

Question 14

voucher systems

Answer 14

• parents given government funded vouchers to purchase educational services at a school of their choice

Question 15

charter schools

Answer 15

• independent, innovative, outcome-based public schools