Chapter 6

Question 1

a policy of creating opportunities for members of certain groups as a substantive remedy for past discrimination

Answer 1

Affirmative action

Question 2

refusal to buy certain goods or services as a way to protest policy or force political reform

Answer 2

Boycott

Question 3

achieving racial balance by transporting students to schools across neighborhood boundaries

Answer 3

Busing

Question 4

discrimination that is the not the result of law but tradition and habit

Answer 4

De Facto discrimination

Question 5

efforts to make English the official language of America

Answer 5

English-only movements

Question 6

provisions exempting from voting restrictions the descendants of those able to vote in 1867(descendants of those unable to vote in the past are now able to)

Answer 6

Grandfather Clauses

Question 7

southern laws designed to circumvent the 13,14, and 15th amendments and to deny blacks rights on bases other than race.

Answer 7

Jim Crow laws

Question 8

institutionalized power inequalities in society based on the perception of racial differences

Answer 8

Racism

Question 9

the practice and policy of separation

Answer 9

Segregation

Question 10

a heightened standard of review used by the supreme court to assess the constitutionality of laws that limit some freedoms or that makes a suspect classification

Answer 10

Strict scrutiny test

Question 11

no state shall deny a person equal protection of laws.

Answer 11

Equal protection clause ( of the 14th amendment)

Question 12

lawyer of the NAACP launched the idea of building law schools for blacks; 1st African American on supreme court aided by hugo black

Answer 12

Thurgood Marshall

Question 13

reinforced voting laws, allowed attorney general to file school desegregation law suits, permitted president to deny federal money to state and local programs that practiced discrimination, prohibited public discrimination and in employment

Answer 13

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 14

a series of laws in the post–civil war south designed to restrict the rights of former slaves before the passage of the 14th amendment and the 15th amendments

Answer 14

Black codes

Question 15

citizenship rights guaranteed to the people (Amendments: 13,14,15,19, and 26

Answer 15

Civil rights

Question 16

discrimination arising from or supported by the law

Answer 16

De jure discrimination

Question 17

constitutional amendment passed by congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender.

Answer 17

Equal Rights Amendment

Question 18

standard of review used by the court to evaluate laws that make a quasisuspect classification

Answer 18

Intermediate standard of review

Question 19

tests requiring reading or comprehension skills as a qualification for voting

Answer 19

Literacy tests

Question 20

interest group founded in 1910 to promote civil rights to African Americans

Answer 20

NAACP(Legal Defense Fund)

Question 21

taxes levied as qualification for voting

Answer 21

Poll taxes

Question 22

the period following the civil war during which the federal government took action to rebuild the south

Answer 22

Reconstruction

Question 23

unwelcome sexual speech or behavior that creates a hostile work environment

Answer 23

Sexual harassment

Question 24

classification, such as race, for which any discriminatory law must be justified by a compelling state interest

Answer 24

Suspect classifications

Question 25

government allows for segregated facilities as long as they’re equal.

Answer 25

Doctrine of separate but equal

Question 26

No longer had to pay a tax to vote, poll taxes become illegal.

Answer 26

24th Amend.

Question 27

made it easier for African americans and non English speaking americans to vote, making poll taxes and literacy tests illegal.

Answer 27

Voting Rights Act of 1965