Chapter 4

Question 1

the body of government that makes laws

Answer 1

Legislature

Question 2

legislature with two chambers

Answer 2

Bicameral Legislature

Question 3

a government in which decisions are made through representatives of the people

Answer 3

Republic

Question 4

a legislature with one chamber

Answer 4

Unicameral Legislature

Question 5

the branch of government responsible for putting laws into effect

Answer 5

Executive

Question 6

an intermediary body that elects the president

Answer 6

Electoral College

Question 7

government in which the executive is chosen independently of the legislature and the two branches are separate

Answer 7

Presidential System

Question 8

government in which the executive is chosen by the legislature from among its members and the two branches are merged

Answer 8

Parliamentary System

Question 9

the power to interpret laws and judge whether a law has been broken

Answer 9

Judicial Power

Question 10

the power of the supreme court to rule on the constitutionality of laws

Answer 10

Judicial Review

Question 11

an alternative to judicial review, the acceptance of legislative acts as the final law of the land

Answer 11

Legislative Supremacy

Question 12

the institutional arrangement that assigns judicial, executive, and legislative powers to different persons or groups, thereby limiting the powers of each

Answer 12

Separation of powers

Question 13

the principle that allows each branch of government to exercise some form of control over the others

Answer 13

Checks and balances

Question 14

a political system in which authority is divided between different levels of government

Answer 14

Federalism

Question 15

congressional powers specifically named in article I:9

Answer 15

Enumerated Powers

Question 16

constitutional authorization for congress to make any law required to carry out its powers.

Answer 16

Necessary and Proper clause

Question 17

constitutional declaration (article VI) that the Constitution and laws made under its provisions are the supreme law of the land

Answer 17

Supremacy Clause

Question 18

powers that are shared by both the federal and state governments

Answer 18

Concurrent powers

Question 19

the federal system under which the national and state governments are responsible for separate policy areas

Answer 19

Dual federalism

Question 20

the federal system under which the national and state governments share responsibilities for most domestic policy areas

Answer 20

cooperative federalism

Question 21

government in which all power is centralized (Britain)

Answer 21

Unitary systems

Question 22

government in which local units hold all the power (articles of confederation)

Answer 22

Confederal systems

Question 23

supreme court ruling (1819) confirming the supremacy of national over state government

Answer 23

McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 24

supreme court ruling (1824) establishing national authority over interstate business

Answer 24

Gibbons v. Ogden

Question 25

declaration by a state that a federal law is void within its borders

Answer 25

Nullification

Question 26

the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states

Answer 26

Devolution

Question 27

federal funds provided for a specific purpose, restricted by detailed instructions, regulations, and compliance standards

Answer 27

Categorical grant

Question 28

federal funds provided for a broad purpose , unrestricted by detailed requirements and regulations

Answer 28

block grant

Question 29

a federal order mandating that states operate and pay for a program created at the national level.

Answer 29

unfunded mandate

Question 30

citizen petitions to place a proposal or constitutional amendment on the ballot, to be adopted or rejected by majority vote, bypassing the legislature

Answer 30

initiative

Question 31

an election in which a bill passed by the state legislature is submitted to voters for approval

Answer 31

referendum

Question 32

votes to remove elected officials from office

Answer 32

recall elections