Chapter 6

Question 0

Acetylcholine

Answer 0

A chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings

Question 1

Abduction

Answer 1

To move away from the midline of the body

Question 2

Actin

Answer 2

A contractile protein

Question 3

Action potential

Answer 3

An electrical event occurring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron or muscle cell, allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse the polarity

Question 4

Adduction

Answer 4

To move toward the midline of the body

Question 5

Aerobic respiration

Answer 5

Respiration in which oxygen in consumed and glucose is broken down entirely; water, carbon dioxide, and large amounts of ATP are the final products

Question 6

Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 6

transformation of glucose to pyruvate when limited amounts of oxygen are available

Question 7

Antagonists

Answer 7

Muscles that act in opposition to an agonist or prime mover

Question 8

Aponeurosis

Answer 8

Fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves

Question 9

Creatine phosphate

Answer 9

an organic compound of creatine and phosphoric acid; found in the muscles of vertebrates where its hydrolysis releases energy for muscular contraction

Question 10

Dorsiflexion

Answer 10

Up and down movement that includes lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the skin

Question 11

Extension

Answer 11

Movement that increases the angle of a joint

Question 12

Fixators

Answer 12

Muscles acting to immobilize a joint or bone; fixes the origin of a muscle so that muscle action can be exerted at the insertion

Question 13

Flexion

Answer 13

Bending; the movement that decreases the angle between bones

Question 14

Insertion

Answer 14

The moveable attachment of a muscle as opposed to its origin

Question 15

Lactic Acid

Answer 15

The product of anaerobic metabolism, especially in muscle

Question 16

Motor Unit

Answer 16

A motor neutron and all the muscle cells it supplies

Question 17

Myofibrils

Answer 17

Contractile organelles found in the cytoplasm of muscle cells

Question 18

Myosin

Answer 18

One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle

Question 19

neuromuscular junction

Answer 19

The region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell

Question 20

neurotransmitter

Answer 20

Chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons of effector cells, stimulate or inhibit them

Question 21

Origin

Answer 21

Attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction

Question 22

Oxygen debt

Answer 22

a cumulative deficit of oxygen available for oxidative metabolism that develops during periods of intense bodily activity and must be made good when the body returns to rest.

Question 23

Plantar Flexion

Answer 23

movement of the foot that flexes the foot or toes downward toward the sole

Question 24

Prime Mover

Answer 24

Muscle whose contractions are primarily responsible for a particular movement

Question 25

Pronation

Answer 25

The inward rotation of the forearm causing the radius to cross diagonally over the ulna- palms face posteriorly

Question 26

Supination

Answer 26

The outward rotation of the forearm causing palms to face anteriorly

Question 27

Synaptic Cleft

Answer 27

The fluid-filled space at a synapse between neurons

Question 28

Synergists

Answer 28

Muscles cooperating with another muscle or muscle group to produce a desired movement

Question 29

Tendons

Answer 29

Cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to bone