Chapter 2-3 Flashcards

0
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

The compound that is the important intracellular energy source; cellular energy

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1
Q

Acid

A

A substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution

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2
Q

Base

A

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions; proton acceptor

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3
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, cellulose

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4
Q

Enzyme

A

A substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body

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5
Q

Lipid

A

Organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples are fats and cholesterol

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6
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

Class of organic molecules that includes DNA and RNA

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7
Q

pH

A

The symbol hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution

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8
Q

Protein

A

A complex nitrogenous substance; the main building material of cells

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

A dense central body in most cells containing the genetic material of the cell

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10
Q

Chromosome

A

Bar like body of tightly coiled chromatin

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11
Q

Chromatin

A

The structure in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors

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12
Q

Microvilli

A

The tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells

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13
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The substance of a cell other than that of the nucleus

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14
Q

Mitochondria

A

The rod like cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation

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15
Q

Ribosomes

A

Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized

16
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

A membranous network of tubular or sac like channels in the cytoplasm of a cell

17
Q

Lysosomes

A

Organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes

18
Q

Centriole

A

A minute body found near the nucleus of the cell composed of microtubules

19
Q

Gene

A

Biological units of heredity located in chromatin

20
Q

Epithelium

A

One of the primary tissues

21
Q

Gland

A

An organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body or for elimination

22
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Nonliving material in connective tissue consisting of ground substance and fibers that separate the living cell

23
Q

Tendons

A

Cord of defense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone

24
Q

Ligament

A

A cord of fibrous tissue that connects bones

25
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Double membrane barrier that bonds the nucleus

26
Q

Cytosol

A

Semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements

27
Q

Golgi

A

Stack of flattened membranous sacs

28
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Acts as cells bones and muscles, by furnishing an internal framework that determines cell shape, supports other organelles, and provides movement

29
Q

Template

A

Set of instruction, for building a new nucleotide strand

30
Q

Anticodon

A

Can bind to the complementary condones