Chapter 6

Question 0

Which type of muscle tissue is multinucleated?

Answer 0

Skeletal muscle tissue

Question 1

Voluntary or involuntary?
>Cardiac muscle tissue
>Skeletal muscle tissue
>Smooth muscle tissue

Answer 1

Cardiac - involuntary

Skeletal - voluntary

Smooth - involuntary

Question 2

Which type of muscle tissue has elongated cells?

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle tissue

Question 3

Which type of muscle tissue is nonstriated?

Answer 3

Smooth muscle tissue

Question 4

Where are sutural bones found?

Answer 4

Between flat bones of skull

Question 5

Where are short bones found?

Answer 5

In wrists and ankles

Question 6

The spinal vertebrae is composed of which types of bones?

Answer 6

Irregular bones

Question 7

Name the structure of a long bone from the middle, out.

Answer 7

Diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphysis

Question 8

The epiphysis is mostly what type of bone?

Answer 8

Spongy bone

Question 9

Explain the structure of flat bone.

Answer 9

2 layers cortex(compact bone) and 1 layer diploe (spongy bone) on the inside

Question 10

What are bone cells called?

Answer 10

Osteocytes

Question 11

The matrix of bones is dense due to deposits of __________.

Answer 11

Calcium salts

Question 12

What covers the outer surfaces of bones?

Answer 12

Periosteum

Question 13

What are the inorganic components of bone matrix?

Answer 13

Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide

Question 14

What makes up 2/3 of bone weight

Answer 14

Calcium phosphate

Question 15

What is the organic substance in bones?

Answer 15

Collagen fibers

Question 16

This makes up 1/3 of bone weight

Answer 16

Collagen fibers in bones

Question 17

Mature bone cells that make up most of the bone cell population are called ________.

Answer 17

Osteocytes

Question 18

These cells produce new bone matrix in a process called ossification.

Answer 18

Osteoblasts

Question 19

The mesenchymal cells in bones are called _________

Answer 19

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 20

Cells that remove and recycle bone matrix are called _______.

Answer 20

Osteoclasts

Question 21

Osteoclasts are in the same category as __________ and macrophages.

Answer 21

Monocytes

Question 22

Does compact bone have strength in 1 direction or many directions?

Answer 22

1 direction

Question 23

Does spongy bone have osteons?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

The matrix of spongy bone forms a network of _________.

Answer 24

Trabeculae

Question 25

The space between trabeculae in spongy bone is filled with __________.

Answer 25

Red bone marrow

Question 26

How does bone marrow in spongy bone change over a life time?

Answer 26

``` Younger = more red bone marrow Older = more yellow bone marrow ```

Question 27

Do trabeculae have blood vessels?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

Does red bone marrow have blood vessels?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

Why is yellow bone marrow yellow?

Answer 29

Because it stores fat

Question 30

How is weight distributed on bones?

Answer 30

It causes tension on one side and compression on the other

Question 31

This is an incomplete cellular layer that lines central canal and is active in bone growth and breakdown.

Answer 31

Endosteum

Question 32

Collagen fibers of periosteum are called ____________.

Answer 32

Perforating fibers

Question 33

Human bones grow until about what age?

Answer 33

25 years

Question 34

Most bones originate as _________.

Answer 34

Hyaline cartilage

Question 35

Where does primary ossification occur in bones?

Answer 35

Diaphysis (center)

Question 36

Where does secondary ossification occur?

Answer 36

Epiphysis (ends)

Question 37

Another name for intramembranous ossification is _________.

Answer 37

Dermal ossification

Question 38

What happens during exercise that creates stronger bones?

Answer 38

More osteoblasts produced than osteoclasts

Question 39

Deficiency in vitamin _____ leads to weaker bones.

Answer 39

Vitamin C

Question 40

Vitamin _____ is required for collagen synthesis.

Answer 40

Vitamin C

Question 41

Osteoblasts are stimulated by vitamin _____

Answer 41

Vitamin A

Question 42

These two hormones stimulate osteoblasts.

Answer 42

Estrogen and androgen

Question 43

_______ & ________ maintain calcium and phosphate levels to help regulate bone growth.

Answer 43

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

Question 44

What is the effect of calcitriol on skeletal system?

Answer 44

Promote calcium and phosphate ion absorption in digestive tract.

Question 45

Which hormones stimulate osteoblast activity?

Answer 45

Sex hormones, calcitonin, growth hormone and thyroxine

Question 46

Which hormone increases calcium ion levels and which hormone decreases calcium ion levels?

Answer 46

Increase - parathyroid hormone Decrease - calcitonin

Question 47

Which hormone stimulates osteoclast activity?

Answer 47

Parathyroid hormone

Question 48

Which hormone inhibits osteoclast activity?

Answer 48

Calcitonin

Question 49

What is the difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis?

Answer 49

Osteoporosis is much more loss of bone mass than osteopenia.

Question 50

Does osteoporosis occur more in men or women?

Answer 50

Women

Question 51

Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide in the bone together make up what is called the _________.

Answer 51

Hydroxyapatite