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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

0
Q

The cutaneous membrane is also known as ________

A

Skin

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1
Q

What are the major organs of the integumentary system?

A

Skin, hair, sweat glands, and nails

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2
Q

The epidermis is made up of what type of tissue?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

The epidermis is dominated by ________, the body’s most abundant epithelial cells.

A

Keratinocytes

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4
Q

Keratinocytes are abundant in the protein _________.

A

Keratin

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5
Q

Thin skin contains _____ layers of skin, while thick skin contains _____ layers of skin.

A

Thin skin - 4

Thick skin - 5

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6
Q

Thick skin contains this extra layer of skin.

A

Stratum lucidum

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7
Q

Name the strata of the skin from the most superficial to the basement membrane.

A

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale.

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8
Q

The cells of the stratum basale are attached to the basement membrane via ___________.

A

Hemidesmosomes

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9
Q

Insensible perspiration. There is continuous loss of water which we are unaware of. Can account for up to 500ml of fluid lost on the skin surface. This is a characteristic of which strata layer?

A

Stratum corneum

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10
Q

This is the most superficial layer and has 20-30 layers of dead skin.

A

Stratum corneum

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11
Q

What makes it possible for epidermis and dermis to interlock?

A

Epidermal ridges and dermal papillae

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12
Q

These are the most important component of epidermis. Secrete protein keratin. These form bulk of epidermis.

A

Keratinocytes

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13
Q

These are present in deeper layers of skin. Produce melanin. Synthesized from tyrosine. Protect from damaging effects of UV light.

A

Melanocytes

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14
Q

These are a component of immune system of skin. If pathogen has invaded, these cells will initiate the first level of defense.

A

Langerhans cells

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15
Q

These are sensory cells present in epidermis.

A

Merkel cells

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16
Q

These are stem cells found in epidermis that have mitosis potential.

A

Basal cells

17
Q

This strata layer contains keratinocytes, but are still immature and have various organelles. In the process of becoming more and more filled with keratin.

A

Stratum spinosum

18
Q

This strata layer contains langerhans cells.

A

Stratum spinosum

19
Q

Is strata layer contains basal cells and merkel cells.

A

Stratum basale

20
Q

This strata layer is 3-5 layers thick. Organelles start rejuvenating. High granules. Has specialized cells that synthesize huge amount of keratin.

A

Stratum granulosum

21
Q

This pigment is present in orange fruits and vegetables and deposited in hypodermis. More visible in people who have lighter skin.

A

Carotene

22
Q

Albino individuals have __________ present but don’t work and aren’t producing __________.

A

Have melanocytes but don’t produce melanin

23
Q

This pigment has extensive Golgi apparatus.

A

Melanin

24
Q

_________ is produced from exposure to sunlight. If a person doesn’t have enough exposure to sunlight, bones are weak.

A

Vitamin D

25
Q

This is a disease caused by vitamin D deficiency. Causes weak and flexible bones.

A

Rickets

26
Q

Is the epidermis vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular

27
Q

Is the dermis vascular or avascular?

A

Vascular

28
Q

This skin layer contains collagen and elastin.

A

Dermis

29
Q

This is the top layer of dermis that forms papilla. Composed of loose connective tissue.

A

Papillary layer of dermis

30
Q

This layer of dermis is composed of tight connective layer.

A

Reticular layer of dermis

31
Q

_________ fibers are the ones damaged during pregnancy because of stretching beyond limits during pregnancy.

A

Elastic

32
Q

How should incisions be made?

A

Parallel to cleavage lines.

33
Q

Which type of vitamin is added to creams to get rid of stretch marks?

A

Vitamin A

34
Q

This top elf corpuscle is responsive to touch. This is why we know when to move our hands away from hot/cold objects.

A

Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscle

35
Q

This type of corpuscle responds to vibrations and sounds.

A

Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle

36
Q

This provides blood to dermal layer.

A

Cutaneous Plexus

37
Q

These glands secrete products onto hair root and cover hair shaft.

A

Sebaceous(oil) glands

38
Q

These parts of the hair contain hard keratin.

A

Cortex and cuticle

39
Q

This part of the hair contains soft keratin.

A

Medulla

40
Q

What is the difference between apocrine and merocrine sweat glands?

A

Apocrine sweat glands secrete into hair follicles, while merocrine sweat glands secrete directly onto skin.

41
Q

What are responsible for sensible perspiration?

A

Merocrine sweat glands.

Anatomy & Physiology (4 decks)

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