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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue Flashcards

0
Q

Which type of muscle is voluntary?

A

Skeletal muscle

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

Cardiac, smooth, skeletal

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2
Q

What types of muscle are involuntary?

A

Cardiac, smooth

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3
Q

This type of muscle tissue is multinucleated.

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

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4
Q

What type of muscle tissue is not striated?

A

Smooth muscle tissue

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5
Q

What type of muscle tissue has intercalated discs?

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

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6
Q

Muscles have 3 layers of connective tissue, which are ___________.

A

Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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7
Q

How does a skeletal muscle fiber form?

A

Throughout the fusion of numerous myoblasts (mesodermal cells). The cytoplasm s fuse, but nucleuses stay individuals. That’s why muscle tissue is multinucleated.

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8
Q

__________ are responsible for muscle contraction.

A

Myofilaments

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of myofilaments?

A

Thin and thick filaments

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10
Q

What are thin myofilaments made out of?

A

Actin

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11
Q

What are thick myofilaments made out of?

A

Myosin

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12
Q

True of false: a triad is made by 1 T tubule and 2 terminal cisternae.

A

True

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13
Q

Myofibrils are made up of bundles of protein filaments called ___________.

A

Myofilaments

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14
Q

How does muscle contraction begin?

A

Cisternae release Ca^2+ into sarcomeres

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15
Q

The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called _________.

A

Sarcolemma

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16
Q

The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber is called __________.

A

Sarcoplasm

17
Q

What transmits action potential through muscle cells and allows entire muscle fiber to contract simultaneously?

A

Transverse tubules (T tubules)

18
Q

_______________ is a membranous structure surrounding each myofibril that helps to transmit action potential to myofibril.

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

19
Q

True or false: the sarcomas mic reticulum is similar in structure to rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A

False. Similar in structure to smooth endoplasmic reticulum

20
Q

A sarcomere is from _______ to _______.

A

Z line to Z line

21
Q

Thin filaments form the __ band and thick filaments form the __ band

A

Thin - I band

Thick - A band

22
Q

_______ are strands of protein that reach from tips of thick filaments to the z line and act to stabilize the filaments.

A

Titin

23
Q

True or false: the H band has thick filaments but no thin filaments.

A

True

24
Q

What is the receptor that calcium binds to to initiate muscle contraction?

A

Troponin

25
Q

During muscle contraction, what happens to the A band, I band, and H band?

A

H and I bands get smaller, A band remains the same

26
Q

During muscle relaxation, _____ concentrations fall.

A

Calcium

27
Q

A fixed muscular contraction after death is called _______.

A

Rigor mortis

28
Q

What is the all or none principle?

A

As a whole, a muscle fiber is either contracted or relaxed.

29
Q

When ACh is released and binds to receptors, muscle ______ begins.

A

Muscle contraction

30
Q

When ACh is broken down by AChE, muscle _____ begins.

A

Relaxation

31
Q

If there is cross-bridge formation and interaction, is muscle contraction or relaxation occurring?

A

Muscle contraction occurring

32
Q

In muscle contraction, if there is stimulation immediately after relaxation phase, it is called ________.

A

Treppe

33
Q

If muscles never begin to relax and are in continuous contraction, it is called ________.

A

Tetanus

34
Q

When there is increasing tension on a muscle, and there is repeated stimulation before the end of relaxation phase, it is called ___________.

A

Wave summation

35
Q

When twitches reach maximum level of tension and muscle is not allowed to relax, it is called _______.

A

Incomplete tetanus.

36
Q

Rigor Morris occurs because the body runs out of _______.

A

ATP

37
Q

_________ is the storage molecule for excess ATP in a muscle cell.

A

Creative phosphate

38
Q

The primary energy source for resting muscles is aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration

39
Q

During the Cori Cycle, the _______ converts lactic acid to pyruvic acid.

A

Liver

40
Q

Myoglobin is found in slow or fast fibers?

A

Slow fibers

Anatomy & Physiology (4 decks)

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