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Biology Unit 1 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Alveolar duct

A

Entry to an alveolus, one of the microscopic air sacs of lungs

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2
Q

Alveoli

A

(singular = alveolus) Microscopic air sacs whose moist surfaces are the sites of gas exchange in the lung

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3
Q

Ammonia

A

highly soluble form of nitrogen-containing waste produced by some aquatic organisms belonging to class Cephalopoda

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4
Q

Angioplasty

A

A technique in which a fine catheter is inserted into arteries to remove a blockage caused by a build-up of fatty deposits

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5
Q

Aorta

A

The major artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to body tissues

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6
Q

Atrium

A

Chamber of vertebrate heart that receives blood from veins; also called auricle

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7
Q

Bladder

A

Muscular organ that stores urine

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8
Q

Blood circularity system

A

The mechanism that delivers nutrients and oxygen to all cells of a multicellular organism

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9
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

Part of a nephron surrounding a glomerulus in the kidney

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10
Q

Bronchi

A

(singular = bronchus) airways in the lung, branching from the trachea

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11
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Type of circulatory system in which blood remains in vessels throughout its circulation

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12
Q

Cohesion

A

The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together

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13
Q

Countercurrent

A

Situation in which two fluid systems flowing adjacent to each other, but in opposite directions, enables the transfer of heat or compounds from one system to the other by diffusion

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14
Q

Diffusion

A

Net movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of the substance to an area of lower concentration by a process that does not require energy

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15
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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16
Q

Excretion

A

Elimination of waste products produced within and by the cell(s) of an organism

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17
Q

Flaccid

A

State of limpness of a cell because of water loss

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18
Q

Gaseous exchange

A

The movement of oxygen into the blood and the exit of carbon dioxide from the blood

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19
Q

Gills

A

Out-folded structures for gas exchange present in many aquatic animals including fish, sharks and lampreys

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20
Q

Glomerulus

A

Cluster of capillaries inside the Bowman’s capsule of a nephron

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21
Q

Glycogen

A

Polysaccharide that is the storage carbohydrate in liver and muscle tissue

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22
Q

Guard cells

A

Specialised cells that control the opening of pores (stomata), typically present in the epidermis of leaves

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23
Q

Heart

A

Muscular organ that pumps blood

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24
Q

Hypertonic

A

Refers to a solution having a higher concentration of dissolved substances than the solution to which it is compared

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25
Q

Hypotonic

A

Refers to a solution having a lower concentration of dissolved substances than the solution to which it is compared

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26
Q

Isotonic

A

Refers to a solution having the same concentration of dissolved substances as the solution to which it is compared

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27
Q

Kidneys

A

Excretory organs that filter wastes, mainly nitrogenous, from the blood and form urine

28
Q

Lamellae

A

Thin plate-like structures that are the gas- exchange surfaces of gill filaments in fish

29
Q

Larynx

A

Chamber containing vocal cords located between the pharynx and the trachea; also known as the voice box

30
Q

Leucocytes

A

White blood cells

31
Q

Loop of Henle

A

Section of tubule in a nephron where urine becomes concentrated by removal of water

32
Q

Lungs

A

Organs consisting of infolded sacs that are present in land vertebrates and which function in gas exchange

33
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Network of lymph vessels and lymph nodes

34
Q

Malpighian tubules

A

Excretory organs of insects and spiders; blind ending tubules that empty into the gut

35
Q

Nephrons

A

Functional units of a kidney

36
Q

Nitrogenous wastes

A

Nitrogen-containing waste compounds such as urea and uric acid

37
Q

Open circulatory system

A

Circulatory system in which blood is contained in vessels for only part of its circuit

38
Q

Operculum

A

In fish, the flaps covering the gills; in molluscs, a hard impermeable lid that closes the shell, making a watertight compartment for the animal inside

39
Q

Phagocytic

A

Describes the bulk movement of solid material into cells

40
Q

Pharynx

A

Area of the throat that leads to both the oesophagus and the larynx

41
Q

Phloem

A

Vascular tissue in plants that transports sugar (mainly sucrose) and other organic compounds

42
Q

Producers

A

Photosynthetic organisms and chemosynthetic bacteria that, given a source of energy, can build organic matter from simple inorganic substances

43
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Major artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

44
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Major veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

45
Q

Respiratory system

A

Organ system that carries out gas exchange; includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

46
Q

Sphincters

A

Rings of smooth muscle able to relax and contract and so permit or restrict flow of material into or out of a cavity

47
Q

Spiracles

A

In an insect, openings on the body that lead into a series of tubes (called trachea) that transport oxygen to cells

48
Q

Stem cells

A

Cells with the capacity to reproduce themselves and then differentiate into either one or different kinds of cells; in bone marrow, a type of cell that reproduces and differentiates into the different kinds of blood cells

49
Q

Stoma

A

(plural = stomata) an opening, typically on a leaf surface, through which water vapour and carbon dioxide can move

50
Q

Tissue fluid

A

Fluid that bathes the surface of cells within a multicellular organism

51
Q

Trachea

A

In terrestrial vertebrates, tube leading from the larynx to the bronchi, and also called the windpipe; in insects, air-filled tubes leading from spiracle openings into the body

52
Q

Tracheoles

A

In insects, narrow tubes branching from trachea and making direct contact with cells to facilitate diffusion of oxygen

53
Q

Translocation

A

Transport of organic material, including sugars, through the phloem of a vascular plant

54
Q

Tubule

A

Minute tubular structure in the kidneys

55
Q

Turgid

A

State of a cell that is firm because of water uptake

56
Q

Urea

A

Nitrogen-containing waste product typically produced by mammals

57
Q

Ureter

A

Tubes that transport urine from kidney to bladder

58
Q

Urethra

A

Tube that transports urine from the bladder to the exterior and, in males, also transports sperm

59
Q

Uric acid

A

A nitrogen-containing waste product typically produced by birds

60
Q

Urinary sytem

A

System primarily responsible for water, salts and acid-base balance and removal of nitrogenous wastes; includes kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

61
Q

Urine

A

Liquid waste filtered from the blood by the kidneys

62
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Plant tissue specialised for transport of nutrients, water and minerals, and which provides a plant with support

63
Q

Veins

A

Relatively thin-walled blood vessels that transport blood back to the heart from tissues; vascular tissue in a leaf

64
Q

Ventricle

A

Heart chamber that pumps blood out of the heart

65
Q

Venules

A

Small blood vessels joining capillaries to a vein

66
Q

Xylem

A

Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals throughout a plant and which provides a plant with support

Biology Unit 1 (5 decks)

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