Chapter 6

Question 1

Work \_\_\_\_\_\_is the psychological forces within a person that determine the direction of a person's behavior in an organization, effort level, and persistence in the face of obstacles.
A. Motivation
B. Effort
C. Tenacity
D. Direction

Answer 1

A. Motivation

Question 2

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an indication of how hard a person works to perform a chosen behavior.
A. Functional ways
B. Level of effort
C. Direction of behavior
D. Level of persistence

Answer 2

B. Level of effort

Question 3

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an indication of how hard a person works when confronted with obstacles.
A. Functional ways
D. Direction of behavior
C. Level of effort
D. Level of persistence

Answer 3

D. Level of persistence

Question 4

A highly motivated employee:
A. Will always produce high quality work.
B. Has the necessary skill set and appropriate training to do a high quality job.
C. Relies on extrinsic factors to elicit high quality performance.
D. Will produce high quality work if other factors that affect performance do not interfere with that effort.

Answer 4

D. Will produce high quality work if other factors that affect performance do not interfere with that effort.

Question 5

Extrinsically motivated work behavior is:
A. Behavior that is performed to acquire social rewards.
B. Behavior that is performed to acquire material rewards.
C. Behavior that is performed to avoid punishment.
D. All of the above

Answer 5

D. All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following questions is not answered by need theory or expectancy theory?
A. What outcome is an individual motivated to obtain from a job and an organization?
B. Does the individual believe that his or her inputs (such as effort on the job) will result in a given level of performance?
C. Are outcomes perceived as being at an appropriate level in comparison to inputs?
D. Does the individual believe that performance at this level will lead to obtaining desired outcomes (pay, job security, and a feeling of accomplishment)?

Answer 6

Are outcomes perceived as being at an appropriate level in comparison to inputs?*

Question 7

According to Maslow’s theory:
A. Once an individual satisfies one set of needs, he or she can go to another level anywhere on the hierarchy and satisfy the needs at that level.
B. At any particular time only one set of needs motivates behavior.
C. Satisfied needs are the primary motivators of behavior.
D. Needs at the highest levels of the hierarchy take precedence over needs at lowest levels.

Answer 7

B. At any particular time only one set of needs motivates behavior.

Question 8

Which statement is true when Alderfer’s ERG theory is compared to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory?
A. Maslow’s theory is based on a hierarchy of needs and Alderfer’s is not.
B. Maslow’s definition of physiological needs is the same as Alderfer’s definition of existence needs.
C. Both theories assume that lower-level needs must be satisfied before a higher-level need is a motivator.
D. None of the statements are true.

Answer 8

D. None of the statements are true.

Question 9

Expectancy theory identifies three major factors that determine a worker’s motivation. The factors are:
A. Direction of behavior, level of effort, level of persistence
B. Relatedness, growth, existence
C. Expectancy, valence, self-actualization
D. Expectancy, valence, instrumentality

Answer 9

D. Expectancy, valence, instrumentality

Question 10

A theory about work motivation that focuses on employees' perceptions of the fairness of the procedures used to make decisions about the distribution of outcomes is:
A. Instrumentality theory
B. Expectancy theory
C. Equity theory
D. Procedural justice theory

Answer 10

D. Procedural justice theory

Question 11

Level of effort is one element of work motivation.
A. True
B. False

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The three elements of motivation are direction of effort, level of persistence, and functional ways.
A. True
B. False

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Intrinsically motivated employees often remark that their work gives them a sense of accomplishment and achievement or that they are doing something worthwhile.
A. True
B. False

Answer 13

True

Question 14

The key challenge facing managers in terms of motivation is how to encourage employees to contribute inputs to their jobs and to the organization.
A. True
B. False

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Once an individual satisfies one set of needs, he or she can go to another level anywhere on the hierarchy and satisfy the needs at that level.
A. True
B. False

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Alderfer’s ERG theory is a need theory of work relatedness. Expectancy is one of the needs identified by Alderfer.
A. True
B. False

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Need theory focuses on how employees make choices among alternative behaviors and levels of effort.
A. True
B. False

Answer 17

False

Question 18

If an outcome has a positive valence, an employee prefers having the outcome to not having it.
A. True
B. False

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Valence is especially relevant in a tight labor market.
A. True
B. False

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The way managers treat their employees and the extent to which they provide explanations for their decisions influence employees’ perceptions of procedural justice.
A. True
B. False

Answer 20

True