Chapter 5 Flashcards
A relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior that results from practice or experience is known as: A. Positive reinforcement B. Operant conditioning C. Learning D. Shaping
C. Learning
Which of the following statements is false?
A. Positive reinforcement increases the probability that a behavior will occur by administering
negative consequences to employees who perform the behavior.
B. Increasing the probability that employees will perform desired behaviors is an outcome of
operant conditioning.
C. Operant conditioning relates to how people learn to operate in their environment.
D. Anything that tells an employee about desired and undesired behaviors and their
consequences plays a supporting role in operant conditioning.
A. Positive reinforcement increases the probability that a behavior will occur by administering
negative consequences to employees who perform the behavior
Giving employees a bonus or interesting work to do after they have done a good job is an example of: A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. Learning D. Extinction
A. Positive reinforcement
Two ways to decrease the probability of undesired behaviors in an
organization are:
A. Negative reinforcement and punishment
B. Extinction and performance indicators
C. Extinction and negative reinforcement
D. Extinction and punishment
Extinction and punishment
An example of ___________ occurs when a supervisor complains about a
worker’s messy workstation and stops complaining only when the worker
cleans it up.
A. Positive reinforcement
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Extinction
D. Punishment
B. Negative reinforcement
Cognitive processes focus on people's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Behavior B. Emotions C. Thoughts D. Self-control
C. Thoughts
Vicarious learning occurs when
A. One person (the learner) is successful with OB MOD and refrains from citizenship behaviors.
B. One person (the learner) learns a behavior by observing another person (the model)
perform the behavior.
C. One person (the learner) recognizes the connection between a behavior and its
consequences (reinforcement).
D. When a manager uses negative reinforcement so a worker learns the connection between a
desired behavior and a consequence he wishes to avoid.
B. One person (the learner) learns a behavior by observing another person (the model)
perform the behavior
In which of the following ways does self-efficacy affect learning?
A. It does not influence the effort that individuals exert on the job.
B. It influences the activities and goals that individuals set for themselves.
C. It focuses on a person’s actual skills and abilities instead of what a person believes about
his or her ability to perform a behavior successfully.
D. All of the above
B. It influences the activities and goals that individuals set for themselves.
Learning theorist Peter Senge has identified five key activities central to a
learning organization. Which of the following is not one of those activities?
A. Communicate a shared vision.
B. Use simple, easy-to-understand flow charts to map job tasks and workflow.
C. Encourage personal mastery or high self-efficacy.
D. Encourage systems thinking
B. Use simple, easy-to-understand flow charts to map job tasks and workflow.*
Organizational learning is
A. The study of factors that affect how individuals and groups act in organizations and how
organizations manage their environments.
B. The reinforcement of successive and closer approximations to a desired behavior.
C. The process through which managers instill in all members of an organization a desire to
find new ways to improve organizational effectiveness.
D. The commitment that exists when it is very costly for workers to leave an organization.
The process through which managers instill in all members of an organization a desire to
find new ways to improve organizational effectiveness.
Anything that tells an employee about desired and undesired behaviors and
their consequences plays a supporting role in operant conditioning.
A. True
B. False
True
Operant conditioning is unrelated to how people learn to behave in a certain
way to achieve certain consequences.
A. True
B. False
False
Both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement can be used to
reinforce desired behavior.
A. True
B. False
True
In some cases, continuous reinforcement involves constant monitoring and
consumes a great amount of a supervisor’s time
A. True
B. False
True
A certain number of desired behaviors must occur before reinforcement is
provided when a variable-ratio schedule of partial reinforcement is used.
A. True
B. False
False
