chapter 6 Flashcards
what are the functions of the skeletal system
support, movement, protection, storage, hemopoiesis (making of red blood cells)
what is the diaphysis
the long part of the bone
what’s the epiphyseal
top and bottom of bone
what the epiphyseal line
growth plate where bone growth happens
what is the periosteum
layer of dense irregular connective tissue around most bone
what’s articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage on the joints
what is endosteum
Layers the inside of the bone in the medullary cavity and around spongy bone
what is the osseous tissue matrix made of
1/3 is osteoid: collagen fibers and gel ground
2/3 in organic matter- hydroxyapatite
what is hydroxyapatite
crystalized calcium salts that surround collagen fibers to make it stronger
what are osteoprogenitor cells
they divide to make bone
how are osteocytes made
they start off as osteoprogenitor cells then become osteoblasts then become osteocytes
what do osteoblasts do
builds bone and build the bone matrix
what do osteoclasts do
destroys the matrix of the bone
what happens with osteoporosis and what bone does it effect
osteoblastic activity declines and spongy bone
how are osteocytes made
they start off as osteoprogenitor cells and turn into osteoblasts then osteocytes
what are the main difference between compact bone and spongy bone
- compact has a central canal spongy doesn’t
- compact has concentric lamellae and spongy bone has parallel lamellae
- in compact nutrients go from middle out and spongy it goes from outside to inside
what is ossification
replacing tissue with bone
what’s the difference between Intramembranous ossification and Endochondral ossification
Intramembranous ossification- for flat bones and skull, it just grows bone on top of tissue
Endochondral ossification- replaces hyaline cartilage with bone
what are the 6 steps of growing bone from a baby
1- fetal skeleton made of hyaline cartilage
2- blood supply invades and destroys cartilage
3- primary ossification of diaphysis
4- secondary ossification of epiphyses
5- epiphyseal plate and articular stays cartilage and ossification continues
6- at adult height, plate becomes bone
