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Internal Medicine > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Clostridium tetani releases an exotoxin that is preferential absorbed by the alpha motor neuron and delivered into the ventral nervous system. What is the cause of injury to the neuron cell

A

Infectious agent

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2
Q

What happens when the immune system is compromised or if the number of invading microorganisms overwhelm the immune system

A

Disease occurs

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3
Q

Which of the following conditions is generally not thought to be caused by free radicals

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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4
Q

What is the correct term for protein malnutrition

A

Kwashiorkor

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5
Q

During acute reversible cell injury, the concentrations of which two elements are increased

A

Sodium and calcium

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6
Q

Which of the following is a change in cell morphology and function resulting from the conversion of one adult cell type into another?

A

Metaplasia

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7
Q

Pure hypertrophy occurs only where in the body ?

A

Heart and striated muscles

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8
Q

Hypertrophy of what chamber of the heart is a typical complication ?

A

Left ventricle

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9
Q

Which of the following statements regarding necrosis of cells is true

A

Cell size increase

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10
Q

The hallmark of chronic inflammation in a tissue is the accumulation

A

Lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells

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11
Q

What type of inflammation exudate is bright red or bloody and signals the presence of red blood cells

A

Sangineous

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12
Q

What is the first step in the migration of leukocytes from the vasculature to the interstitial tissue

A

Binding of leukocytes to receptors on endothelial cells of venules

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13
Q

What is the Approximate life cycle of a neutrophil after extrusion from the circulation

A

24 hrs

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14
Q

Which of the following cells store and release histamine

A

Mast cells

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15
Q

What is secreted by fribroblasts early during the tissue repair action

A

Proteoglycans

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16
Q

What type of collagen is the predominant component of growth plates in bones ?

A

Type II

17
Q

What is true in phases of healing ?

A

Hemostasis and degeneration->inflammation->proliferation and migration-> remodeling and maturation

18
Q

Which of the following about cell injury is true ?

A

Apoptosis is a programed cell death

19
Q

Which of the following is the least appropriate for a PT to do during a patients healing process?

A

Suppress inflammatory process as soon as possible

20
Q

What is the primary indication of prednisone

A

Anti-inflammatory

21
Q

What is the drug class for celecoxib

A

Cyclooxygenase type 2 (Cox-2) inhibitors

22
Q

Which of the following factors would affect tissue healing ?

A

Vascular sufficiency
Caffeine
Immobility

23
Q

The time for overall bone healing varies depending on

A

The bone involved and degree of soft tissue injury
Treatment required
The fracture site and type

24
Q

Which of the following is true for tendon Injury and healing ?

A

Hemostasis beings immediately followed by the inflammatory process which begins during the first 72 hrs (3-5 days) after injury or surgical intervention

25
Q

A 45 yr old patient presents with redness swelling and pain in her right knee following an injury. Laboratory test reveal elevelated levels of prostaglandin in the affected area. Based on these findings which of the following is the most likely effect of prostaglandin in the context of this patients acute inflammation ?

A

Pain and fever alone with modulation of vascular permeability

26
Q

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the steps in leukocytes accumulation during an inflammatory response

A

Margination->adhesion->diapedesis->chemotaxis

27
Q

Which of the following best describes the role diapedesis in the inflammatory response

A

Diapedesis is the active migration of leukocytes out of the blood vessels and into the interstitial tissues enabling them to reach the site of injury

28
Q

Which of the following chemical mediators is primarily responsible for inc. Vascular permeability and causing vasodialation during and acute inflammatory response

A

Histamine

29
Q

Which statement best describes the role of fibronectin in tissue healing

A

It provides a scaffold tensile strength and helps glue other substances and cells together

30
Q

Which collagen type is first deposited during wound healing contributes of the elasticity of skin and blood vessels and is eventually replaced by Type I collagen as healing process

A

Type III

31
Q

A 65 year old patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents to the PT clinic with non healing pressure ulcers on their sacrum. How should these comorbid conditions be managed to optimize the healing process of the pressure ulcer?

A

Address glycemic control through consultation with the patients endocrinologist and improve oxygenation by managing COPD symptoms alongside regular wound care

32
Q

Which of the following conditions is likely to experience delayed healing due to its decreased blood supply

A

Achilles tendon tear

33
Q

What roles do myofibroblasts play during the remodeling and maturation phase of tissue healing

A

They contribute to tissue contraction by containing contractility proteins that help shrink the healing tissue

34
Q

Which of the following is an example of labile cells in the human body, known for their continuous division and high turnover rate?

A

Epithelial cells of the skin

35
Q

Which of the following statements about lung tissue repair after injury

A

After lethal Injury to alveolar cells regeneration can occur only when the basement membrane remains intact

36
Q

Which of the following statements about peripheral nerves Injury and repair is true

A

Within 24 hrs of nerve section new axonal sports from the central stump are observed

37
Q

A 60 yr old patient presents with a fractured femur after a fall. X ray shot a soft callus formation around the fracture site. Based on the typically phases of bone healing what is the most accurate description of the phase the patient is currently in ?

A

The patient is in the reperative phase as evidenced by the formation of a soft callus. Which will eventually be replaced by the hard callus

38
Q

A 23 yr old female athlete presents with a diagnosis of tendinopathy in the Achilles tendon. The condition is characterized by pain and pathological changes in the tendon for more than one year. Which of the following statements accurately describes the type of tendinopathy and its underlying mechanism

A

The condition is tendinosis, characterized by a degeneration process with a little or no inflammation but histopathologic changes in the collagen matrix

Internal Medicine (6 decks)

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