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Internal Medicine > Chapter 1 And 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 And 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Based on the case study 45 Parkinson disease, which of the following facts belong to the component of body structures/functions on the ICF framework?

A

His tremors have become less pronounced during the last three weeks
@Case study 45 Parkinson disease and ICF framework

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2
Q

Based on the case study 45 Parkinson disease,which of the following facts belong to the personal factor on the ICF framework?

A

Relocated after his wife’s death and now living with family of four wyoming; mother wife of family is LPN and caregiver in the home.
@ case study 45 Parkinson disease and ICF framework

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3
Q

What is defined as the development of unhealthy conditions or disease

A

Pathogenesis

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4
Q

The WHO defines which of the following as a state of complete physical mental and social well being and not merely as the absence of disease or infirmity

A

Health

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5
Q

Which of the following is the correct term used to describe a medical condition that is substantiated by objective data such as elevated temperature or presence of infection

A

Disease

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6
Q

If an individual has experienced brain damage that leads to decrease executive function what area of the brain is most likely injured?

A

Right hemisphere

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7
Q

Who created the germ theory

A

Louis pasteur

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8
Q

Who made a groundbreaking study of mitochondrial DNA at the beginning of the 20th century

A

Douglas Wallace

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9
Q

Which is not a primary prevention strategy

A

Antibiotics

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10
Q

When was the human genome project started

A

1990

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11
Q

The number one cause of death in the US adult population heart disease has been reduced by how much due to changes in diet and lifestyle

A

52%

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12
Q

Gender and sex differences are topics with constantly updating information. Recent research has indicated that steroid induced epigenetics changes impact a single life span. Which of the following may exert a multigenerational effect

A

Endocrine disrupting compounds

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of a damage based explanation of aging

A

Telomerase theory

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14
Q

Adverse childhood experiences are linked to problems in adulthood including all except

A

Travel related diseases

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15
Q

Who are examples of successful aging

A

Those in their 100s

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16
Q

Past school of thought indicated that race was the cause of health disparities while current thinking indicated that epigenetics is more likely the cause and include interactions between all except the following

A

The amount of melanin in skin

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17
Q

Life expectancy in the 20th century has increased by 35 yrs. Healthcare improvements have created an additional how many years of that 35?

A

7 yrs

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18
Q

What group has been the most rapid population increase in the last decade?

A

Over age 85

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19
Q

Supercenturians live to be over how many years past 100?

A

10 years

20
Q

What is an illness

A

Sickness or derivation from a healthy state
The perception and response of the person to not being well
A person can feel very ill even though no obvious pathological processes can be identified

21
Q

Acute illness

A

Usually refers to an illness or disease that has a relatively rapid onset and short duration
Not synonymous with severe
Physical symptoms cognitive awareness,and emotional response
If no complications occur most acute illnesses end in a full recovery and in the individual returns to the previous levels of functioning

22
Q

Chronic illness

A

Permanent impairment or disability
Residual physical or cognitive disability
Need for special rehabilitation
Potential for decreased quality of life

23
Q

Pathology

A

The structural and functional changes in the body caused by disease or trauma

24
Q

Clinical pathology

A

The pathology applied to the solution of clinical problems

25
Q

Executive function

A

Corgnitive function involved in formulating goals and planning initiating monitoring and maintaining behavior

26
Q

Primary prevention

A

Removing or reducing disease risk factors
Ex.Helmets,diets,anti smoking ads

27
Q

Secondary prevention

A

To promote early detection of disease and to employ preventative measures to avoid further complications
Ex. Tb test, colonoscopy, mammogram

28
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

Limit the impact of established disease
Ex. Physical therapy, chemotherapy

29
Q

Epigenetics

A

The study of how biology and environmental signals determine gene expression

30
Q

Transcription

A

DNA to mRna

31
Q

Translation

A

mRna to protein

32
Q

What is the role of the C peptide

A

Plays an important role in the correct folding of insulin and the formation of disulfide bridges
Is a sign that your body is producing insulin low or no c peptide indicates that your pancreas is producing little or no insulin

33
Q

Histones

A

Proteins which DNA can wind for compaction and gene regulation

34
Q

DNA methylation

A

Methyl group ( an epigenetic factor found in some dietary sources) can tag DNA and activate or repress genes

35
Q

Histone acetylation

A

Relaxes the DNA histone arrangement which makes the DNA accessible for transcription increasing gene expression

36
Q

A pt is doing an initial evaluation on a knee patient. Which of the following facts told by a patient belongs to the component of body structures/functions on the ICF framework?

A

My knee feels really weak and sometimes it just gives way without warning

37
Q

Which of the following statements made by patients best represents a personal factor according to the ICF framework?

A

I have a strong support system from My family and close friends, which helps my manage my health better

38
Q

Which of the following actions taken by PT is an example of tertiary preventions in preventative medicine

A

Designing a fall prevention program for an elderly patient to reduce the risk of future falls, to prevent complications and further deterioration

39
Q

Which of the following is the set time frame to define a subacute condition

A

There is no set time frame

40
Q

Which of the following psychological defense mechanisms is illustrated by a patient who insists that their illness is not serious and continues to engage in activities that might worsen their condition ?

A

Denial

41
Q

What is the process or condition of growing old that may be the result of continuous cellular metabolism, cellular damage, and inefficient repair systems throughout the entire lifespan

A

Senescence

42
Q

Based on behavioral trends in health care which of the following age groups is most likely to assume a passive role in their own healthcare?

A

Age 80 and older

43
Q

Recent epigentic studies have shown benefits to people with increased blood pressure high blood sugar excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol or triglycerides levels with interventions involving which interventions that physical therapist provide

A

Therapeutic activities and exercise

44
Q

Which if the following has been shown to control DNA accessibility and gene activation or inactivation

A

DNA methylation and histone acetylation

45
Q

Which of the following is the product of gene expression ?

A

Protein

46
Q

In terms of epigenetics which of the following individuals is an example of successful aging

A

My neighbor, who is 103

Internal Medicine (6 decks)

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