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Science Yr 9 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The chemical reactions in your body

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2
Q

What are the two groups of chemical reactions?

A

Ones that break down matter and ones that build up complex material

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3
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Speed up chemical reactions

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4
Q

How do they do this?

A

By breaking down /building up molecules (substrate)

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5
Q

Explain the wind track

A

Goes from mouth to trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. Oxygen dissolves into the bloodstream and oxygenates the blood. Co2 is then sent back up the path

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6
Q

What is part of circulation?

A

Arteries, capillaries and veins. These carry materials to all the cells in your body

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7
Q

What is the rhythm of the heart set by?

A

Pacemaker (SA node)

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8
Q

What does the SA node do?

A

Stimulates both atria to contract. When the stimulus reaches the tissue between the atria and ventricles, the AV node stimulates the ventricles to contract

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9
Q

What is nonadrenalin?

A

A hormone caused by stress or fear

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10
Q

What can nonadrenalin change?

A

Rate of heartbeat, strength of contractions

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11
Q

How does exercise affect heartbeat?

A

As more Co2 is created, receptors detect it and send messages to the brain to beat faster. As more blood is pumped to the back of the right atrium, the walls of the atrium are stretched. Receptors then send messages to the brain to beat faster

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12
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

Organelles in which cellular respiration takes place in. Assisted by enzymes

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13
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Surfaces of structures. Where proteins are produced like enzymes and hormones

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14
Q

What are lysosomes

A

Organelles that treat waste in cells

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15
Q

What is the role of the liver?

A

Breaks down hormones, haemoglobin, toxic substances and medicines, and converts ammonia to urine

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16
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

A communications network

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17
Q

What are the two parts to the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (CNS) and the Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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18
Q

What is the role of the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord. Receives, processes and sends messages from the body

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19
Q

What is the role of the PNS?

A

Nerves that carry messages to the CNS and other parts of the body

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20
Q

What do nerve cells (neurons) do?

A

Carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another

21
Q

What is the cell body?

A

Contains the nucleus

22
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receive messages from other cells

23
Q

What do axons do?

A

Sends nerve impulses in one direction

24
Q

What do axon terminals do?

A

Pass messages to the next neuron

25
Q

What are the two types of neurons?

A

Motor and sensory

26
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

Carry messages from the CNS to effectors. Effectors are things that put the message into effect

27
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

Carry messages from cells in sense organs to the brain and spinal cord

28
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

Released between neurons when nerve impulses reach axon terminals

29
Q

What is a reflex action?

A

A very fast reaction done when in danger. It does not wait for instructions from the brain.

30
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

The nerve pathway in a reflex action

31
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Communication system that controls the internal environment of the body

32
Q

What are hormones and where are they made?

A

Act as messengers. Made in endocrine glands

33
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Checks internal environment. Links endocrine system and nervous system.

34
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Receptors detecting changes in temperature and regulate accordingly

35
Q

What are the two parts to the PNS?

A

Somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

36
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

Collects information from receptors in sensory organs, and coordinates body movement

37
Q

What is something you can detect with your sense organs?

A

Stimulus

38
Q

What do mechanoreceptors do?

A

Sensitive to touch, aware of muscles stretching (e.g. bladder full)

39
Q

What do photoreceptors do?

A

Sensitive to light. In the eyes

40
Q

What do thermoreceptors do?

A

Respond to temp changes

41
Q

What do chemoreceptors do?

A

Sensitive to chemicals, like in foods. Tells you if bitter or sweet

42
Q

Skin

A

Responds to a lot of sensations, like touch and pain. A form of protection is being very sensitive to touch

43
Q

Hearing

A

Helps balance

44
Q

Sight

A

Pupil - allows light to pass through
Lens - bends light
Messages - sent from photoreceptors via the optic nerve to the brain

45
Q

Smell and taste

A

Chemoreceptors for taste and smell work together

46
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Controls activities you don’t realise are happening

47
Q

What are the two parts to the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

48
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A

Speeds up the functions of the body, and prepares the body for emergencies

49
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

Slows everything down, in control when you are resting

Science Yr 9 (7 decks)

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