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Science Yr 9 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an electric circuit?

A

A closed loop that provides a path for the transfer of electrical energy

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2
Q

Whata does a circuit require?

A

A source of electricity, a lode / component (converts electrical energy into other forms of energy) and wires

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3
Q

What is a circuit diagram?

A

A visual representation of the arrangement of the different parts of a circuit

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4
Q

What is an electrical current?

A

A measure of the rate of flow of charges passing through a point along the wire

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5
Q

What is electrical current measured in?

A

Amps

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6
Q

What is voltage?

A

A measure of the amount of energy supplied to the charges by the power source

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7
Q

What is voltage measured in?

A

Volts

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8
Q

What is resistance?

A

A measure of how difficult it is for an electric current to flow through a material or component

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9
Q

What is resistance measured by?

What device?

A

A multimeter

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10
Q

What is the units for resistance?

A

Ohms

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11
Q

What are conductors?

A

Materials that have very low resistance and allow electric current to pass through them easily, such as metals like sopper

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12
Q

What are insulators?

A

Materials that have high resistance and prevent electric current to pass through easily

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13
Q

What is Ohm’s law?

A

Resistance = Voltage / Current

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14
Q

What is a series circuit?

A

A circuit where all the components are connected one after another to form a single loop. The voltage is shared between each component

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15
Q

What are the good things about series circuits?

A

Easy to build, less materials

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16
Q

What are the bad things about series circuit?

A

The globes cannot be controlled individually by a switch, if any of the globes break then current stops flowing and adding more globes reduces their brightness, as the voltage splits.

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17
Q

What is a parallel circuit?

A

Where there are multiple paths for the current to flow through. Have the same voltage because the current is split between them.

18
Q

What are the good things about parallel circuits?

A

Each branch can have its own switch, if any of the globes break, current still flows through the other pathways and adding extra globes do not reduce the brightness.

19
Q

What are the bad things about parallel circuits?

A

More difficult to build, more materials the current divides

20
Q

What is a combination circuit?

A

A mix of both types of circuits

21
Q

What is the standard voltage in houses?

A

240 V

22
Q

What do powerpoints have?

A

A third wire (earth wire) that connects the powerpoint to the earth beneath, allowing stray current to flow there instead of passing through you.

23
Q

What is a transformer?

A

A device used to drop the voltage of a power point

24
Q

What is voltage drop?

A

Where electrons lose energy as they pass through a component

25
Q

Properties of copper

A

Very low resistance, and relatively cheap

26
Q

Properties of aluminium

A

Like copper, but lighter

27
Q

Examples of insulators

A

Rubber, plastic, wood and glass

28
Q

Contents of a household powerpoint

A

Active wire
Neutral wire
Earth wire

29
Q

What does the active wire do?

A

Carries the current to the powerpoint. It is brown

30
Q

What does the neutral wire do?

A

Carries the current away from it. It is blue

31
Q

What is a fuse?

A

A wire that melts if too much current is flowing through it

32
Q

What is a circuit breaker?

A

A switch that is activated by a higher than normal current. When this happens, it breaks the circuit

33
Q

What are batteries made of and how do they produce an electrical current?

A

Electrochemical cells
Create an electric current from a chemical reaction

34
Q

What do photovoltaic cells do?

A

Convert solar energy into electrical energy

35
Q

How do photovoltaic work?

A

The energy from the sunlight knocks electrons off semiconducting silicon crystals within the cell and form an electric current

36
Q

What is a turbine?

A

A large generator that creates current by spinning its magnet within a fixed set of coils

37
Q

How is a turbine spun?

A

Wind, moving water, or steam

38
Q

Direct current

A

Electrons move in one direction and loses energy over long distances

39
Q

Alternating current

A

Electrons change directions and can be transmitted over long distances using transformers

40
Q
A

Science Yr 9 (9 decks)

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