Chapter 6

Question 0

Light microscopes

Answer 0

Light is passed through specimen and lenses so that image is projected and magnified
Most commons first used in Renaissance
Can’t show things smaller than .2 micrometers

Question 1

2 types of microscopes

Answer 1

Electrons scanning and electron transmission(able to show many organelles and small cellular structures) or
Light(better for studying living cells)

Question 2

Electron scanning microscope

Answer 2

Beam through onto specimen-electrons detected by microscope and translate pattern into video screen with electrons being stained because atoms of heavy metals and image displays pattern
wavelengths are shorter so resolution is stronger
For detailed study

Question 3

Electron transmission microscope

Answer 3

Beam through onto specimen for studying internal structure of cells

Question 4

Cell fractionation

Answer 4

Taking cells apart and separates major organelles and si cellular structures
Centrifuge spins test tubes to cause part of cell components to settle which can then be studied(layers part by weight)

Question 5

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 5

Bacteria and Achaea

Question 6

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 6

Protist, fungi, animal and plant cells

Question 7

Similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 7

Plasma membrane filled with cytosol and contain chromosomes and ribosomes (allows nutrients oxygen and waste to pass through cell-limits sizes of the cell)

Question 8

Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 8

Eukaryotic are larger
DNA is located inside nucleus in double membrane for eukaryotic and inside nucleotide without a membrane for prokaryotic
Eukaryotic has variety of organelles and prokaryotic has none

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Info central contains most of genes in eukaryotic cell

Question 10

Nuclear envelope

Answer 10

Encloses nucleus separating contents from cytoplasm
•double membrane each a lipid bilayer separated by a space of 20-40nm
•pore complex lines each pore which regulated entry and exit of most proteins and RNA’s

Question 11

Nuclear lamina

Answer 11

Netlike array of protein filaments that maintain shape of nucleus by supporting an envelope

Question 12

Chromosomes

Answer 12

Structures that carry genetic info in DNA

Question 13

Chromatin

Answer 13

Complex of protein and DNA making up each chromosomes

Typically human cell has 46 chromosomes except sex cells which only have 23

Question 14

Nucleolus

Answer 14

Prominent structure with the nondividing nucleus
Where rRNA is synthesized and mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm by nucleus pores then ribosomes translate it’s genetic message into primary structure of specific polypeptides

Question 15

Ribosomes

Answer 15

Protein factories: made up of rRNA and protein that are cellular components that carry out protein synthesis
Free ribosomes are suspended in cytosol and bound ribosomes are attached to outside of nuclear envelope (built in two cytoplasmic locals)