Chapter 6 Flashcards
process of learning by association, where different stimuli come to elicit the same response
Classical conditioning
stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning
unconditioned stimulus (US)
unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning
unconditioned response (UR)
previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response
conditioned stimulus (CS)
learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning
conditioned response (CR)
changes in the linking of a stimulus resulting from pairing that stimulus with other stimuli
evaluative conditioning
initial stage of learning a new response tendency
acquisition
gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency
extinction
reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of nonexposure to the conditioned stimulus
spontaneous recovery
reappearance of an extinguished response upon the return to the acquisition environment
renewal effect
tendency for stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response
stimulus generalization
differentiation of related stimuli from the conditioned stimulus, so the conditioned response is not elicited
stimulus discrimination
conditioned stimulus that functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus
higher-order conditioning
form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences
operant conditioning
occurs when an event following a response increases an organism’s tendency to make that response
reinforcement