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Med terms 1-2 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

orange-yellow pigment formed during the destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by the liver cells and eventually excreted in the feces

A

bilirubin

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2
Q

mass of masticated food ready for swallowing

A

bolus

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3
Q

type of gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue into a vessel

A

exocrine

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4
Q

circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes and natural opening of the body

A

sphincter

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5
Q

organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids

A

triglycerides

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6
Q

or/o
stomat/o

A

mouth

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7
Q

gloss/ o
lingu/ o

A

tongue

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8
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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9
Q

cheli/o
labi/o

A

lip

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10
Q

dent/o
odont/o

A

teeth

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11
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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12
Q

sial/ o

A

saliva, salivary gland

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13
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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14
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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15
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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16
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

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17
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum (first part of the small intestine)

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18
Q

enter/o

A

intestine ( usually the small)

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19
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum (second part of the SI)

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20
Q

ile/o

A

ileum (third part of SI)

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21
Q

append/o
appendic/o

A

appendix

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22
Q

col/o
colon/o

A

colon

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23
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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24
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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25
Q

proct/o

A

anus, rectum

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26
Q

an/o

A

anus

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27
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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28
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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29
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile vessel

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30
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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31
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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32
Q

choledoch/o

A

bile duct

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33
Q

-iasis

A

normal condition produced by something specific 

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34
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

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35
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

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36
Q

-plagia

A

swallowing, eating

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37
Q

-prandial

A

meal

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38
Q

lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

A

anorexia

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39
Q

inflammation of the appendix usually caused by obstruction or infection

A

appendicitis 

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40
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of chronic liver disease, and neoplasm, or an inflammatory disorder in the abdomen

A

ascites

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41
Q

rumbling, or gargling noises that are audible at a distance, and caused by passage of gas through liquid contents of the intestine 

A

borborygmus

42
Q

physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass, and is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency system (aids) and cancer also called wasting syndrome

A

cachexia

43
Q

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder

A

cholelithiasis

44
Q

Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease

A

Cirrhosis

45
Q

Form of inflammatory bowel disease, IBD, usually of the ileum, but possibly affecting any portion of intestinal track, also called regional enteritis

A

Crohn disease

46
Q

inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon that may cause by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea

A

dysentery

47
Q

Gas in the G.I. track expelling of air from body orifice usually the anus

A

flatus

48
Q

Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease, Gerd

49
Q

Foul smelling breath

A

Halitosis

50
Q

Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

A

hematemesis

51
Q

swollen, varicose veins in the anorectal region, characterized by external or internal 

A

Hemorrhoids

52
Q

mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal track because of partial or complete blockage of the bowel

A

Intestinal obstruction

53
Q

symptom complex, marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function, typically constipation, diarrhea, or altering constipation, and diarrhea for which no organic cause can be determined, also called spastic colon

A

Irritable bowel syndrome, IBS

54
Q

Symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients minerals or fluids, through intestinal villi into blood or lymph

A

Malabsorption syndrome

55
Q

Dark tar like feces that contain digestive blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach

A

Melena

56
Q

Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body, skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal bodyweight

A

Obesity

57
Q

Open city and watch body mass in indexed BMI is greater than 40 and generally 100 pound or more over ideal bodyweight

A

Morbid

58
Q

Severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

A

obstipation

59
Q

Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips or cheeks caused primarily by irritation

A

oral leukoplakia 

60
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas

A

Pancreatitis

61
Q

stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (circular muscle of the pylorus) at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

A

pyloric stenosis 

62
Q

A backward flow as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach

A

Regurgitation

63
Q

Chronic inflammatory disease of the colon commonly beginning in the rectum, or sigmoid colon, and extending upward into the entire colon

A

ulcerative colitis

64
Q

Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fibroptic instrument with a magnifying lens and light source and scope to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors 

A

Gastrointestinal endoscopy

65
Q

panel blood test that identifies the specific virus hepatitis A HAV hepatitis B HBV or hepatitis C HCV that is causing hepatitis B testing serum using antibodies to each of those antigens

A

 hepatitis panel

66
Q

Group group of blood test that evaluate liver injury, liver function and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract

A

liver function tests. LFT’s. 

67
Q

measurement of the level of
bilirubin in the blood

A

serum bilirubin

68
Q

test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection

A

Stool culture

69
Q

test that applies a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood vessels in the feces; also called hemoccult ( trade name of a modified guaiac test)

A

stool guaiac

70
Q

imaging techniques achieved by rotating an x-ray matter around the area to be scanned and measuring intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

A

computed tomograph CT

71
Q

Radiographic images of the rectum and colon falling administration of barium into the rectum, also called the G.I. series or barium enema

A

Lower gastrointestinal series

72
Q

Radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet

A

Oral cholecystography OCG

73
Q

special MRI technique that produces detailed images of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic systems, including the liver, gallbladder, bile, ducts, pancreatic and pancreatic duct

A

magnetic Renaissance cholangiopancreatography 

74
Q

ultrasound visualization of abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile duct, pancreas, kidneys, and
Bladder

A

abdominal

75
Q

combination of endoscopy and ultrasound that examines and obtains images of the digestive, tract and the surrounding tissues and organs

A

Endoscopic

76
Q

radio graphic images of the esophagus, stomaching, and small intestine following oral administration of barium; also called barium swallow

A

upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)

77
Q

surgical joining of two ducts vessels or bowl segments to allow glow from one to another

A

anastomosis

78
Q

surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colonectomy, as in sometimes preformed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis

A

ileorectal

79
Q

surgical connection of two portions of the intestines

A

intestinal

80
Q

Group of procedures that treat, morbid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue and the resultant of health problem

A

Bariatric surgery

81
Q

Bariatric surgery that involves vertical stapling of the upper stomach, and near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food conception, and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness

A

Vertical banded gastroplasty

82
Q

bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its side and then shortening the jejunum And connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum, leading from the non-functioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway food through the intestine, the reducing absorption of calories and fats, also called gastric bypass with Gastroenterostomy

A

Roux-en- Y gastric bypass (RGB)

83
Q

surgical procedure, which is surgeon forms an opening stoma, by drawing the healthy end of the colon through in incision in the anterior abdominal wall, and suturing it into place

A

Colostomy

84
Q

procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments, surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves

A

Lithotripsy

85
Q

use of shockwaves as a non-invasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary duct

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

86
Q

procedure to remove remove fluid from the abdomen, using a long, thin needle inserted through the belly also called abdominocentesis

A

Paracentesis

87
Q

excision if a polyp

A

polypectomy

88
Q

Insertion of a nasaogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric, distention by removing gas, food or gastric, secretions; instill medication, food or fluids or obtain as specimen for laboratory analysis

A

nasogastric intubation

89
Q

bucca, lips, teeth, tongue and hard and soft palates

A

oral cavity

90
Q

main structure of tooth

A

dentin

91
Q

innermost part of tooth contains nerves and blood vessels

A

pulp

92
Q

rough projections on the tongue

A

papillae

93
Q

anterior portion of the roof of the mouth

A

hard palate

94
Q

Posterior portion of the roof of the mouth

A

soft palate 

95
Q

tube that leads to lungs

A

Trachea

96
Q

Tube that leads to stomach

A

Esophagus

97
Q

The first part of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

98
Q

the upper portion of stomach

A

fundus

99
Q

funnel shaped portion of the stomach ( most digestion takes place)

A

pylorus

100
Q

macroscopic longitudinal folds

A

rugae

101
Q

bonus turns to semiliquid form

A

chyme

102
Q

rhythmic muscle contractions

A

peristalsis

Med terms 1-2 (13 decks)

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