Chapter 6 Flashcards
1
Q
orange-yellow pigment formed during the destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by the liver cells and eventually excreted in the feces
A
bilirubin
2
Q
mass of masticated food ready for swallowing
A
bolus
3
Q
type of gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue into a vessel
A
exocrine
4
Q
circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes and natural opening of the body
A
sphincter
5
Q
organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids
A
triglycerides
6
Q
or/o
stomat/o
A
mouth
7
Q
gloss/ o
lingu/ o
A
tongue
8
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
9
Q
cheli/o
labi/o
A
lip
10
Q
dent/o
odont/o
A
teeth
11
Q
gingiv/o
A
gums
12
Q
sial/ o
A
saliva, salivary gland
13
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
14
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx (throat)
15
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
16
Q
pylor/o
A
pylorus
17
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum (first part of the small intestine)
18
Q
enter/o
A
intestine ( usually the small)
19
Q
jejun/o
A
jejunum (second part of the SI)
20
Q
ile/o
A
ileum (third part of SI)
21
Q
append/o
appendic/o
A
appendix
22
Q
col/o
colon/o
A
colon
23
Q
sigmoid/o
A
sigmoid colon
24
Q
rect/o
A
rectum
25
proct/o
anus, rectum
26
an/o
anus
27
hepat/o
liver
28
pancreat/o
pancreas
29
cholangi/o
bile vessel
30
chol/e
bile, gall
31
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
32
choledoch/o
bile duct
33
-iasis
normal condition produced by something specific 
34
-orexia
appetite
35
-pepsia
digestion
36
-plagia
swallowing, eating
37
-prandial
meal
38
lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
anorexia
39
inflammation of the appendix usually caused by obstruction or infection
appendicitis 
40
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of chronic liver disease, and neoplasm, or an inflammatory disorder in the abdomen
ascites
41
rumbling, or gargling noises that are audible at a distance, and caused by passage of gas through liquid contents of the intestine 
borborygmus
42
physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass, and is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency system (aids) and cancer also called wasting syndrome
cachexia
43
presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder
cholelithiasis
44
Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease
Cirrhosis
45
Form of inflammatory bowel disease, IBD, usually of the ileum, but possibly affecting any portion of intestinal track, also called regional enteritis
Crohn disease
46
inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon that may cause by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea
dysentery
47
Gas in the G.I. track expelling of air from body orifice usually the anus
flatus
48
Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease, Gerd
49
Foul smelling breath
Halitosis
50
Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
hematemesis
51
swollen, varicose veins in the anorectal region, characterized by external or internal 
Hemorrhoids
52
mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal track because of partial or complete blockage of the bowel
Intestinal obstruction
53
symptom complex, marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function, typically constipation, diarrhea, or altering constipation, and diarrhea for which no organic cause can be determined, also called spastic colon
Irritable bowel syndrome, IBS
54
Symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients minerals or fluids, through intestinal villi into blood or lymph
Malabsorption syndrome
55
Dark tar like feces that contain digestive blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach
Melena
56
Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body, skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal bodyweight
Obesity
57
Open city and watch body mass in indexed BMI is greater than 40 and generally 100 pound or more over ideal bodyweight
Morbid
58
Severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction
obstipation
59
Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips or cheeks caused primarily by irritation
oral leukoplakia 
60
Inflammation of the pancreas
Pancreatitis
61
stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (circular muscle of the pylorus) at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine
pyloric stenosis 
62
A backward flow as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
Regurgitation
63
Chronic inflammatory disease of the colon commonly beginning in the rectum, or sigmoid colon, and extending upward into the entire colon
ulcerative colitis
64
Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fibroptic instrument with a magnifying lens and light source and scope to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors 
Gastrointestinal endoscopy
65
panel blood test that identifies the specific virus hepatitis A HAV hepatitis B HBV or hepatitis C HCV that is causing hepatitis B testing serum using antibodies to each of those antigens
 hepatitis panel
66
Group group of blood test that evaluate liver injury, liver function and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract
liver function tests. LFT’s. 
67
measurement of the level of
bilirubin in the blood
serum bilirubin
68
test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection
Stool culture
69
test that applies a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood vessels in the feces; also called hemoccult ( trade name of a modified guaiac test)
stool guaiac
70
imaging techniques achieved by rotating an x-ray matter around the area to be scanned and measuring intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
computed tomograph CT
71
Radiographic images of the rectum and colon falling administration of barium into the rectum, also called the G.I. series or barium enema
Lower gastrointestinal series
72
Radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet
Oral cholecystography OCG
73
special MRI technique that produces detailed images of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic systems, including the liver, gallbladder, bile, ducts, pancreatic and pancreatic duct
magnetic Renaissance cholangiopancreatography 
74
ultrasound visualization of abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile duct, pancreas, kidneys, and
Bladder
abdominal
75
combination of endoscopy and ultrasound that examines and obtains images of the digestive, tract and the surrounding tissues and organs
Endoscopic
76
radio graphic images of the esophagus, stomaching, and small intestine following oral administration of barium; also called barium swallow
upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)
77
surgical joining of two ducts vessels or bowl segments to allow glow from one to another
anastomosis
78
surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colonectomy, as in sometimes preformed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
ileorectal
79
surgical connection of two portions of the intestines
intestinal
80
Group of procedures that treat, morbid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue and the resultant of health problem
Bariatric surgery
81
Bariatric surgery that involves vertical stapling of the upper stomach, and near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food conception, and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
Vertical banded gastroplasty
82
bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its side and then shortening the jejunum And connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum, leading from the non-functioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway food through the intestine, the reducing absorption of calories and fats, also called gastric bypass with Gastroenterostomy
Roux-en- Y gastric bypass (RGB)
83
surgical procedure, which is surgeon forms an opening stoma, by drawing the healthy end of the colon through in incision in the anterior abdominal wall, and suturing it into place
Colostomy
84
procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments, surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves
Lithotripsy
85
use of shockwaves as a non-invasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary duct
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
86
procedure to remove remove fluid from the abdomen, using a long, thin needle inserted through the belly also called abdominocentesis
Paracentesis
87
excision if a polyp
polypectomy
88
Insertion of a nasaogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric, distention by removing gas, food or gastric, secretions; instill medication, food or fluids or obtain as specimen for laboratory analysis
nasogastric intubation
89
bucca, lips, teeth, tongue and hard and soft palates
oral cavity
90
main structure of tooth
dentin
91
innermost part of tooth contains nerves and blood vessels
pulp
92
rough projections on the tongue
papillae
93
anterior portion of the roof of the mouth
hard palate
94
Posterior portion of the roof of the mouth
soft palate 
95
tube that leads to lungs
Trachea
96
Tube that leads to stomach
Esophagus
97
The first part of the small intestine
Duodenum
98
the upper portion of stomach
fundus
99
funnel shaped portion of the stomach ( most digestion takes place)
pylorus
100
macroscopic longitudinal folds
rugae
101
bonus turns to semiliquid form
chyme
102
rhythmic muscle contractions
peristalsis
