Chap. 3-4 Flashcards
tachy-
rapid
homo-
homeo-
same
hetero-
different
eu-
good, normal
dys-
bad, painful, difficult
brad-
slow
auto-
self, own
anti-
contra-
against
a-
an-
without, not
ab
from, away from
ad
toward
cirum
around
peri
around
dia
through, across
trans
through, across
exo
ecto
outside, outward
extra
outside outward
para
near, beside, beyond
super
upper, above
supra
above, excessive, superior
ultra
excessive, beyond
tri
three
quadri
four
poly
multi
many, much
uni
one
mono
one
micro
small
macro
large
hyper
excessive, above normal
hemi
one- half
diplo
dipl
double
bi
two
retro
backward, behind
inter
between
sub
under, below
infra
under, below
hypo
below, under, deficient
epi
upon, above
intra
in, within
endo
in, within
post
after
peri
around
pre
before
poli/o
gray (gray matter around the brain and spinal cord)
albin/o
white
leuk/o
white
chrom/
color
cirrh/o
yellow
jaund/o
yellow
xanth/o
yellow
cyan/o
blue
erythr/o
red
melan/o
black
ventr/o
belly, belly side
proxim/o
near, nearest
poster/o
back, behind, posterior
medi/o
middle
later/o
side
infer/o
lower, below
dors/o
back of body
dist/o
far, farthest
cephal/o
head
caud/o
tail
anter/o
front, anterior
nucle/o
nucleus
kary/o
nucleus
hist/o
tissue
cyt/o
cell
abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated
Adhesion
abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces as a result of systemic disease or failure of the lymphatic system to drain tissue fluid from the site 
Edema
having or showing symptoms of a fever 
Febrile 
death or decay of soft tissue usually caused by circulatory obstruction or infection 
gangrene
protrusion of any organ through the structure that usually contains it
hernia
body defense against an injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes loss of function
inflammation
any fungal infection in or on the body
mycosis
hole that completely penetrates a structure
perforation
inflammation of the peritoneum, the serious membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity and covers its organs usually caused by bacteria or fungi 
peritonitis
sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ
rupture
severe bacterial infection of the tissue that spreads to the blood, also called sepsis or blood poisoning
septicemia
process of forming pus
suppuration
listening to the heart, bowls, and lungs, with or without a stethoscope to assess the presence and quality of sounds
Auscultation
General observation of the patient as a whole,progressing to a specific body part
inspection 
gentle application of hands to a specific structure or body area to determine size, consistency, texture symmetry, and tenderness of underlying structures 
palpation 
Tapping a body structure with a hand or fingers to assess consistency, and the presence or absence of fluids within underlying structures
percussion
Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized related instrument called an endoscope
Endoscopy
Laboratory test, usually performed on serum, to determine biochemical, imbalances, abnormalities, and nutritional conditions
blood chemistry analysis 
Broad screening test used to evaluate red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets to determine anemia, infections, and other diseases
complete blood count CBC 
imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be evaluated and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
computed tomography CT 
Technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures and continuous motion
fluoroscopy 
technique that uses radio waves, and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam to produce highly detailed multiplanar cross-section use of sic tissues
magnetic resonance imaging MRI 
Technique and which radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) called a tracer is introduced into the body, (inhaled ingested or injected) and a specialized camera. (Gamma camera)produces images of organs and struct

nuclear scan 
Computed, tomography records Positrons ,positively charged particles, admitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross sectional image of the metabolic activity of body tissues, to determine the presence of a disease
positron emission tomography PET
Technique in which x-rays are passed through the body, body or area and captured on a film to generate an image. Also called x-ray.
radiography 
Radiological techniques that integrates computed tomography, and a radioactive material, injected into the blood visualize below to tissues and organs
Single-photon emission computed tomography (Spect)

High frequency, sound waves ultrasound are directed at soft tissue and reflected as echoes to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure. Also called an ultrasound, sonography and echo.
ultrasonography 
removal of a body, part, pathway or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency 
ablation 
surgical joining two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
anastomosis 
scraping up a body cavity with a spoon shaped called a curette
curettage
Use of an electrically activated instrument to burn and destroy disease tissue
electrocauterization
incision made to allow the free flow of fluids and pus from a wound, abscess, or body cavity
incision and drainage, (I&D)
use of high intensity, laser light beam to remove disease tissues to stop bleeding or for cosmetic purposes
laser surgery 
surgical procedure used to replace or compensate for a previously implanted device or corrected undesirable result, or effect of a previous surgery
revision 
anteroposterior
AP
Bx, bx
biopsy
Complete Blood count
CBC
Computer tomography
CT
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Diagnosis
Dx
incision and drainage
I&D
lateral
LAT, lat
left lower quadrant
LLQ
left upper quadrant
LUQ
magnetic resonance imaging
MRI
Positron mission tomography
PET
Rheumatoid factor; radio frequency
RF
Right lower quadrant
RLQ
right upper quad
RUQ
Single-photon emission computed, tomography
SPECT
Symptom
Sx
Treatment
Tx
upper and lower
U&L, U/L
ultrasound, ultrasonography
US
Spine
cervical (neck)
thoracic (chest)
lumbar (loin)
sacral( lower back)
coccyx (tailbone)
smallest unit of life
contains cell membrane and cytoplasm. She had a membrane act as a barrier that supports and protects. Cytoplasm is a jellylike matrix of gases, water nutrients proteins salts, cytoplasm contains organelles 
cell
an oraganelle that directs cells activity and contains chromosomes
 nucleus
Cover surface of organs, tubes and ducts cells are arranged in continuous sheets or one or more layers
epithelial tissue 
Connect, supports other tissues, cartilage, fat, bone, elastic fiber, and
Connective tissue
Movement contractive tissue
Muscular tissue
electrical impulses that relay info to body
Nervous tissue
perform specific functions composed of two or more tissue types
Organ
composed of various organs and structures with similar or related functions
System
Complete, living entity, capable of independent existence
Organism
Contains right lobe of liver, gallbladder part of the pancreas part of the small and large intestines
Right upper quadrant
Contains left lobe of liver, the spleen, part of the pancreas part of the small and large intestines and the stomach
left upper quadrant 
Small and large intestines appendix, right over right fallopian tube, right uterus
Right lower quadrant
part of the small intestine and large intestines left ovary left fallopian tube
Left lower quadrant
Upper right, and left lateral region beneath the ribs
The right, and left hypochondriac
Upper middle region
Epigastric
Middle right and left lateral region
Right and left lumbar
region of the naval
umbilical 
Lower right down left lateral region
right and left ingunial (iliac)
Lower middle region
Hypogastric
