Chapter 11 Urinary System

Question 1

mineral salt of the body that carries an electrical charge and regulates nerve impulses, muscle contraction, hydration, and blood pH

Answer 1

electrolyte

Question 2

fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli into Bowman capsule

Answer 2

filtrate

Question 3

product of protein metabolism that includes urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and ammonia

Answer 3

nitrogenous waste

Question 4

sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow

Answer 4

peristaltic wave

Question 5

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity

Answer 5

peritoneum

Question 6

symbol that expresses the alkalinity or acidity of a solution

Answer 6

pH

Question 7

liquid portion of blood that is filtered by the nephrons to remove dissolved water

Answer 7

plasma

Question 8

albumin/o

Answer 8

albumin, protein

Question 9

azot/o

Answer 9

nitrogenous compounds

Question 10

bacteri/o

Answer 10

bacteria (singular, bacterium)

Question 11

cyst/o

vesic/o

Answer 11

bladder

Question 12

glomerul/o

Answer 12

glomerulus

Question 13

kal/i

Answer 13

potassium (an electrolyte)

Question 14

keton/o

Answer 14

ketone bodies (acids and acetones)

Question 15

lith/o

Answer 15

stone, calculus

Question 16

meat/o

Answer 16

opening, meatus

Question 17

nephr/o

ren/o

Answer 17

kidney

Question 18

noct/o

Answer 18

night

Question 19

olig/o

Answer 19

scanty

Question 20

py/o

Answer 20

pus

Question 21

pyel/o

Answer 21

renal pelvis

Question 22

ur/o

Answer 22

urine, urinary tract

Question 23

ureter/o

Answer 23

ureter

Question 24

urethr/o

Answer 24

urethra

Question 25

-genesis

Answer 25

forming; producing; origin

Question 26

-iasis

Answer 26

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

Question 27

-uria

Answer 27

urine

Question 28

dia-

Answer 28

through, across

Question 29

retro-

Answer 29

backward, behind

Question 30

anuria

Answer 30

absence of urine production or output

Question 31

blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra

Answer 31

bladder neck obstruction (BNO)

Question 32

prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between the bladder and vagina

Answer 32

cystocele

Question 33

any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival

Answer 33

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Question 34

involuntary discharge of urine; also called incontinence

Answer 34

enuresis

Question 35

abnormal passage from hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

Answer 35

fistula

Question 36

abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys caused by pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract

Answer 36

hydronephrosis

Question 37

chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy; also called painful bladder syndrome

Answer 37

interstitial cystitis (IC)

Question 38

loss of large amounts plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane

Answer 38

nephrotic syndrome

Question 39

impaired bladder control as a result of brain, spinal cord, or nerve damage

Answer 39

neurogenic bladder

Question 40

inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys

Answer 40

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Question 41

disorder caused by the failure of urine passive urterers to the bladder, usually as a result of impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter

Answer 41

vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

Question 42

rapidly developing malignant timer of the kidney that usually occurs in children; also called bephroblastoma

Answer 42

Wilms Tumor

Question 43

That stimulates production of red blood cells when blood oxygen is low

Answer 43

erythropoietin