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Chemistry > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ionic bond

A

A chemical bond that results from the electrical attraction between anions and cations

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1
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and the valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together.

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2
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

A chemical bond that results from sharing of electron pairs between two atoms

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3
Q

Nonpolar covalent Bond

A

Covalent Bond, where electrons are shared equally because their electronegativities are equal

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4
Q

Polar Covalent Bond

A

A covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction b/c one atom had a greater electronegativity

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5
Q

When is it nonpolar covalent

A

<0.4

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6
Q

When is it polar covalent?

A

0.4-1.7

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7
Q

When is it ionic?

A

1.7<

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8
Q

What is a molecule

A

A neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds

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9
Q

Molecular compound

A

A chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules

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10
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

Indicates the relative numbers of atoms of each kind w/subscripts and elemental symbols

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11
Q

Molecular Formula

A

Shows the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound (C6H126)

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12
Q

Diatomic Molecule

A

A molecule containing only two atoms

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13
Q

As two atoms come near one another, the nuclei of each atoms are attracted to the electrons of the other atoms…

A

This causes a decrease in the potential energy of the atoms

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14
Q

What is bond length?

A

Average distance between two bonded atoms

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15
Q

Bond energy

A

The energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral, isolated atoms

16
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

Composed of positive and negative ions that are combine so that the number of positive and negative charges are equal

17
Q

What is a formula unit?

A

The simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound’s formula can be established: NaCl

18
Q

How do ionic bonds form?

A

An atom of an element w/ low electronegativity approaches another w/ high electronegativity; high transfers an electron from the atom w/ low. Anion and cation are formed

19
Q

Polyatomic Ions

A

A covalently bonded group of atoms with a positive or a negative charge

20
Q

Intramolecular

A

Inside the molecule

21
Q

Intermolecular

A

Between 2 molecules

22
Q

Which is stronger: intramolecular or intermolecular

A

Intramolecular

23
Q

What properties reflect intermolecular forces?

A

Boiling points, melting points, viscosity, surface tension, and capillary action

24
Q

Intermolecular force: weakest to strongest

A

Dispersion Forces (or London dispersion forces) -> Dipole-Dipole forces-> Hydrogen bonding (a special dipole-dipole force)->ion-Dipole forces

25
Q

Dispersion Forces

A

Nonpolar particle can temporarily be polarized to allow dispersion force to form

26
Q

What factors affect amount of dispersion force in a molecule?

A
  • # of electrons in an atoms (inc. electrons, inc. dispersion force)
  • size
  • shape of molecules w/similar masses (more compact, dec. dispersion force)
27
Q

If something is easy to polarize…

A

It has a lower boiling point

28
Q

What is a dipole

A

Partial charge: s+ means partially positive; s- means partially negative

29
Q

What are the strongest intermolecular forces between?

A

Polar molecules

30
Q

What can bond polarity create?

A

A net polarity for whole molecule or individual bonds can cancel each other

31
Q

Dipole-Dipole Interactions

A

Polar molecules have a more positive and a more negative end a dipole; opposite ends attract each other

32
Q

In Dipole-Dipole Interactions, for molecules of almost equal mass…

A

the more polar the molecule, the higher its boiling point

33
Q

When will the Dipole-Dipole Interactions or Dispersion Forces have a greater effect?

A

If two molecules are of comparable size and shape, dipole-dipole interactions will likely be the dominating force; if one molecule is much, larger, dispersion forces will likely determine its physical properties

34
Q

What is hydrogen bonding?

A

The dipole-dipole interactions experienced when H is bonded to N, O, or F are unusually strong; an attraction between a hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atoms and a nearby small electron negative atom in another molecule or chemical group

35
Q

Ion-Dipole Interactions are found…

A

in solutions of ions; the strength of these forces is what makes it possible for ionic substances to dissolve in polar solvents

Chemistry (9 decks)

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