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Chemistry > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is chemistry the study of?

A

Matter and its processes

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2
Q

Chemistry is the study of the _________, _________, and properties of _______, the processes that ________ undergoes, and the _________ changes that accompany these processes.

A

Composition; structure; matter; matter; energy

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3
Q

What questions does chemistry deal with?

A
  • What’s a material’s makeup?
  • How does a material change when heated, cooled, or mixed with other materials and why does this behavior occur?
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4
Q

What are the branches of chemistry?

A

Organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, biochemical, and theoretical chemistry.

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5
Q

Organic chemistry

A

The study of most carbon-containing compounds

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6
Q

Inorganic chemistry

A

The study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics)

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7
Q

Physical chemistry

A

The study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy

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8
Q

Analytical chemistry

A

The identification of the components and composition of materials

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9
Q

Biochemistry

A

The study of substances and processes occurring in living things

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10
Q

Theoretical chemistry

A

The use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to all design and predict the properties of new compunds

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11
Q

What is a chemical?

A

Any substance that has a definite composition in terms of atoms that compose it.

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12
Q

Why is basic research carried out?

A

For the sake of increasing knowledge, such as the how and why a specific reaction occurs and what the properties of a substance are

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13
Q

Why is applied research carried out?

A

To solve a problem

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14
Q

What are scientists driven by in applied research?

A

Desire to solve a specific problem

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15
Q

What does technological development typically involve?

A

The production and use of products that improve our quality of life.

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16
Q

True or False: Technological applications NEVER lag far behind the discoveries that are eventually used in technologies.

A

FALSE

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17
Q

Do basic research, applied research, and technological development often overlap?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What is mass?

A

Amount of matter in an object

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19
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that has matter and takes up space

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20
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element

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21
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into, simpler, stable substances and is made up of one type of atom.

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22
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

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23
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest unit of an element or compound that retains of all the properties of that element or compound

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24
Q

True or False: Whether it is an element or compound, it has characteristic properties.

A

True

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25
Q

A property may be a characteristic that defines…

A

An entire group of substances. That property can be used to classify an unknow substance.

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26
Q

Extensive properties

A

Depends on the amount of matter that is present: volume, mass,, and amount of energy

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27
Q

Intensive properties

A

Do not depend on the amount of matter present: boiling, melting point

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28
Q

What is a physical property?

A

A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance

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29
Q

What do we commonly use a physical property to describe?

A

A substance

30
Q

Examples of physical properties

A

Boling point, melting point

31
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance.

32
Q

Examples of physical change

A

Cutting, grinding, melting, boiling

33
Q

What is a change of state?

A

A physical change of substance from one state to another

34
Q

Matter in the solid state…

A
  • Has definite volume and shape
  • Particles are parked together in relatively fixed positions.
  • The particles are held close together by the strong attractive forces, between them, and only vibrate about fixed points.
35
Q

Matter in the liquid

A
  • Has definite volume but an indefinite shape.
  • Liquid takes the shape of its container
  • Particles in them are close together but can move past one another
  • Particles are moving faster than in a solid
36
Q

Matter in the gas…

A
  • Has neither definite volume nor definite shape
  • Particles move very fast
  • Less attractive distances
37
Q

Plasma is…

A

A high-temp. physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms lose most of their electrons, particle that make up atoms

38
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

Relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transforms it into difference substances.

39
Q

When is a chemical properties are easiest to see?

A

when substances react to form new substances

40
Q

What is a chemical change/reaction?

A

A change un which one or more substances are converted into different substances

41
Q

What are the reactants?

A

The substances that react in a chemical change

42
Q

What are the products?

A

The substances that are formed by the chemical change

43
Q

Chemicals reactions are normally written with…

A

Arrows (yield) and plus signs

44
Q

When physical or chemical changes occur…

A

Energy is always involved.

45
Q

Examples of forms of energy

A

Heat and light

46
Q

What can matter be classified as?

A

Pure or mixture substance

47
Q

Describe the composition of a pure substance

A

Its the same through and can me a compound or an element

48
Q

Describe the composition of a mixture

A

Contain more than one substance; can vary in composition and properties from sample to sample

49
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties; parts are simply mixed together physically and can usually be separated; properties are a combination of its components

50
Q

Homogeneous

A

Mixtures that are uniform in composition

51
Q

Homogeneous are also called…

A

Solutions

52
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Mixtures not uniforms throughout

53
Q

Describe a pure substance

A
  • Has a fixed composition; always homogeneous; every sample has same characteristic and same composition
54
Q

Are pure substances either compounds or elements?

A

Yes

55
Q

What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?

A

Groups; families

56
Q

What are the horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table?

A

Periods

57
Q

Where do physical and chemical properties change somewhat regularly?

A

Across a period

58
Q

Elements that are close to each other in the same period tend to…

A

Be more similar than elements that are farther apart

59
Q

How can you recognize a metal?

A

By their shininess, metallic luster, malleability, and ductile

60
Q

What is metal good for?

A

Conducting heat and electric

61
Q

What is malleability?

A

Can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets

62
Q

What is ductile?

A

Can be drawn into fine wire

63
Q

Do metals have diverse properties?

A

Yes

64
Q

Many nonmetals are _____ at room temp.

A

Gases

65
Q

Nonmetal solids tend to be…

A

Brittle rather than malleable and ductile

66
Q

A nonmetal conducts…

A

heat and electricity poorly

67
Q

Facts about the Noble Gases

A

Generally unreactive; gases at room temp.

68
Q

What is a metalloid?

A

An element that has some characteristicsof metals and some characterisitics of nonmetals

69
Q

All metalloids are _______ at room temp.

A

Solid

70
Q

Properties of metalloids

A

Less malleable than metals; not as brittle as nonmetals; some have metallic luster

71
Q

Metalloids are ___________ of electricity.

A

semiconductors

Chemistry (9 decks)

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