Chapter 6 Flashcards
Deviance
behavior or belief that violates society’s norms and causes a negative reaction
Deviance turns to _____.
crime
Functionalism
Hirsch, Merton
Hirsch
Control or bond theory
Attachment - relationship to others
Commitment - dedication to living a socially acceptable life
Involvement - level of activity in conventional things
Belief - person’s conviction of truth
Merton
Strain theory - crime derives from social pressure
Conflict theory
Social control
Sutherland
Different association - through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior.
Labeling theory
individuals know themselves by how others label them
Primary deviance
the initial act or attitude that causes one ot be labeled
Secondary deviance
deviant identity, or career that develops after being label deviant
Tertiary deviance
redefining the stigma, turning it into a positive
Self-fulfilling prophecy
an expectation or belief that can influence your behaviors, thus causing the belief to come true.
Stereotype threat
the risk of confirming negative stereotypes about an individual’s racial, ethnic, gender, or cultural group which can create high cognitive load and reduce academic focus and performance.
Stereotype promise
the boost in performance that comes with being favorably perceived and treated as smart, high-achieving, hardworking, and deserving students
stigma
a physical or social attitude that devalues a person or groups identity
Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
Police statistics on reported crimes, collected by the FBI
Crime trends
gender, race, social class, age
High rates of homicide and sexual assault
Prison population has exploded over the last 40 years
National Crime Victimization Survey
sample of 70,000 households in US, anonymous
Deterrence
prevent an act from occurring out of fear of consequences
Retribution
punishment that emphasizes retaliation or revenge for crime
Incapacitation
use of imprisoning or executing criminals to protect society
Rehabilitation
punishment that attempts to reform criminals
Recidivism
returning to prison following release
