Ch1 + Ch3 Test

Question 1

Macro

Answer 1

Large scale, history behind it, long term, country

Question 2

Micro

Answer 2

Small scale, immediate, individual

Question 3

Culture shock

Answer 3

a sense of disorientation from entering a very different social or culture environment

Question 4

Sociological imagination

Answer 4

an understanding of our individual life experiences and larger social forces

Question 5

theories

Answer 5

abstract ideas that explain the social world and make predictions

Question 6

paradigms

Answer 6

a group of assumptions, theories and perspectives that form a way of understanding social reality

Question 7

Functionalism

Answer 7

views society as a system of interrelated parts (macro)

Question 8

Conflict theory

Answer 8

views society as being in a struggle over limited resources (macro)

Question 9

symbolic interaction

Answer 9

how individual interactions influence them and their impact on society (micro)

Question 10

social institutions

Answer 10

schools, hospitals, religious buildings. allow society to operate

Question 11

Auguste Comte

Answer 11

Apply scientific method to sociology. “father of sociology”. coined term sociology. static + dynamic societies. positivism. social laws; voting

Question 12

Herbert Spencer

Answer 12

applied Darwinism to sociology, social Darwinism, survival of the fittest, strong societies strive, weak societies perish

Question 13

Harriet Martineau

Answer 13

naturalistic sociologist. all men equal but slaves. one of the first women sociologist

Question 14

Emile Durkheim

Answer 14

Solidarity; mechanical and organic (gun control). anomie

Question 15

anomie

Answer 15

not knowing what to do

Question 16

Mechanical solidarity

Answer 16

people know what they do, less tech advanced, church, family

Question 17

Organic solidarity

Answer 17

complex economy, different backgrounds, diverse

Question 18

Robert Merton

Answer 18

manifest and latent functions in social institutions

Question 19

Manifest functions

Answer 19

public education is for education, and to gain independence

Question 20

Latent functions

Answer 20

public education ALSO provides social interactions and food for children

Question 21

Functionalist

Answer 21

-Society is fairly stable
-Specific functions of things
-Functions help maintain stability
-Social institutions critical for proper functioning of society
-Each institution impacts others
-Values and norms provide foundation for society’s rules and laws
-Norms regulate relationships between social institutions
-Supporting the status quo
-Societies naturally find balance
-Change occurs slowly, this is a positive (sometimes)
-Society works for the benefits of the greatest number
-Change occurs when problems become great

Question 22

Conflict Theory~

Answer 22

-Struggle for scarce resources
-Focus on economic wealth and power
-Macro issues
-Society’s structure contribution to conflict
-Inherent inequality of capitalism
*you get what you pay
*rich will get richer
*living wage won’t improve

Question 23

Karl Marx

Answer 23

conflict theorist, social inequality, means of production, proletariat, bourgeoisie, alienation, false consciousness, class consciousness, power corrupts

Question 24

Critical Race Theory

Answer 24

Study of the relationship among race, racism, and power. Slavery, controversial

Question 25

Max Weber

Answer 25

rationalization - economic logic to all areas of human activity - bureaucracies, iron cage. Focus almost always turned to middle, working class

Question 26

George Herbert

Answer 26

Symbolic Interactionist, Mead and the Chicago School

Question 27

Herbert Blummer

Answer 27

Symbolic Interactionist, group identity, race overpowers other groups

Question 28

W.E.B. Dubois

Answer 28

Symbolic Interactionist, racial minorities need sense of self and around race there is a dominant group

Question 29

Jane Addams

Answer 29

Symbolic Interactionist, NAACP, get public assistance to help poor people

Question 30

Symbolic Interactionist theory

Answer 30

-Focus on how communication influences interactions and creates our social world -Symbols are important to identify -Society is fluid and norms change over time -Context influences behavior

Question 31

Culture

Answer 31

Language, beliefs, values, norms and material objects that are passed on to future generations

Question 32

Ethnocentrism

Answer 32

uses own culture to judge other cultures

Question 33

Cultural relativism

Answer 33

effort to appreciate different groups or cultures without prejudice

Question 34

communications

Answer 34

signs, gestures, language

Question 35

Cultural Transmission

Answer 35

passing of culture to the next generation through language

Question 36

Values

Answer 36

cultural standards that help in determining what is good, bad, desirable, right or wrong, and what the group cherishes and honors

Question 37

Value conflict

Answer 37

when two or more values are at odds

Question 38

Norms

Answer 38

rules for appropriate behavior based on specific values, vary from place to place

Question 39

Sanctions

Answer 39

positive and negative, formal and informal

Question 40

laws

Answer 40

norms that are formally codified, express explicitly what is allowed and what is forbidden

Question 41

foldways

Answer 41

informal norms

Question 42

mores

Answer 42

represents a community's most important values

Question 43

taboo

Answer 43

an act that is socially unacceptable

Question 44

social control

Answer 44

formal and informal ways used to elicit conformity to values and norms

Question 45

cultural lag

Answer 45

technological changes occur faster than cultural and social changes

Question 46

dominant culture

Answer 46

values, norms and practices of the group in a society that is most powerful or influential in terms of wealth, prestige and status

Question 47

Culture wars

Answer 47

clashes in a society over the values and norms that should be uphelp

Question 48

Subculture

Answer 48

subset of the dominant culture- has distinct beliefs, values, and norms

Question 49

counter culture

Answer 49

groups with value systems that are in opposition to the dominant group's value

Question 50

multiculturalism

Answer 50

policy that supports the inherit values of different cultures within a society, and encourages the retention of cultural difference

Question 51

assimilation

Answer 51

process by which minority groups adopt patterns of the dominant culture