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Sociology 101 > Ch1 + Ch3 Test > Flashcards

Ch1 + Ch3 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Macro

A

Large scale, history behind it, long term, country

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2
Q

Micro

A

Small scale, immediate, individual

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3
Q

Culture shock

A

a sense of disorientation from entering a very different social or culture environment

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4
Q

Sociological imagination

A

an understanding of our individual life experiences and larger social forces

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5
Q

theories

A

abstract ideas that explain the social world and make predictions

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6
Q

paradigms

A

a group of assumptions, theories and perspectives that form a way of understanding social reality

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7
Q

Functionalism

A

views society as a system of interrelated parts (macro)

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8
Q

Conflict theory

A

views society as being in a struggle over limited resources (macro)

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9
Q

symbolic interaction

A

how individual interactions influence them and their impact on society (micro)

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10
Q

social institutions

A

schools, hospitals, religious buildings. allow society to operate

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11
Q

Auguste Comte

A

Apply scientific method to sociology. “father of sociology”. coined term sociology. static + dynamic societies. positivism. social laws; voting

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12
Q

Herbert Spencer

A

applied Darwinism to sociology, social Darwinism, survival of the fittest, strong societies strive, weak societies perish

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13
Q

Harriet Martineau

A

naturalistic sociologist. all men equal but slaves. one of the first women sociologist

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14
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

Solidarity; mechanical and organic (gun control). anomie

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15
Q

anomie

A

not knowing what to do

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16
Q

Mechanical solidarity

A

people know what they do, less tech advanced, church, family

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17
Q

Organic solidarity

A

complex economy, different backgrounds, diverse

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18
Q

Robert Merton

A

manifest and latent functions in social institutions

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19
Q

Manifest functions

A

public education is for education, and to gain independence

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20
Q

Latent functions

A

public education ALSO provides social interactions and food for children

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21
Q

Functionalist

A

-Society is fairly stable
-Specific functions of things
-Functions help maintain stability
-Social institutions critical for proper functioning of society
-Each institution impacts others
-Values and norms provide foundation for society’s rules and laws
-Norms regulate relationships between social institutions
-Supporting the status quo
-Societies naturally find balance
-Change occurs slowly, this is a positive (sometimes)
-Society works for the benefits of the greatest number
-Change occurs when problems become great

22
Q

Conflict Theory~

A

-Struggle for scarce resources
-Focus on economic wealth and power
-Macro issues
-Society’s structure contribution to conflict
-Inherent inequality of capitalism
*you get what you pay
*rich will get richer
*living wage won’t improve

23
Q

Karl Marx

A

conflict theorist, social inequality, means of production, proletariat, bourgeoisie, alienation, false consciousness, class consciousness, power corrupts

24
Q

Critical Race Theory

A

Study of the relationship among race, racism, and power. Slavery, controversial

25
Q

Max Weber

A

rationalization - economic logic to all areas of human activity - bureaucracies, iron cage. Focus almost always turned to middle, working class

26
Q

George Herbert

A

Symbolic Interactionist, Mead and the Chicago School

27
Q

Herbert Blummer

A

Symbolic Interactionist, group identity, race overpowers other groups

28
Q

W.E.B. Dubois

A

Symbolic Interactionist, racial minorities need sense of self and around race there is a dominant group

29
Q

Jane Addams

A

Symbolic Interactionist, NAACP, get public assistance to help poor people

30
Q

Symbolic Interactionist theory

A

-Focus on how communication influences interactions and creates our social world
-Symbols are important to identify
-Society is fluid and norms change over time
-Context influences behavior

31
Q

Culture

A

Language, beliefs, values, norms and material objects that are passed on to future generations

32
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

uses own culture to judge other cultures

33
Q

Cultural relativism

A

effort to appreciate different groups or cultures without prejudice

34
Q

communications

A

signs, gestures, language

35
Q

Cultural Transmission

A

passing of culture to the next generation through language

36
Q

Values

A

cultural standards that help in determining what is good, bad, desirable, right or wrong, and what the group cherishes and honors

37
Q

Value conflict

A

when two or more values are at odds

38
Q

Norms

A

rules for appropriate behavior based on specific values, vary from place to place

39
Q

Sanctions

A

positive and negative, formal and informal

40
Q

laws

A

norms that are formally codified, express explicitly what is allowed and what is forbidden

41
Q

foldways

A

informal norms

42
Q

mores

A

represents a community’s most important values

43
Q

taboo

A

an act that is socially unacceptable

44
Q

social control

A

formal and informal ways used to elicit conformity to values and norms

45
Q

cultural lag

A

technological changes occur faster than cultural and social changes

46
Q

dominant culture

A

values, norms and practices of the group in a society that is most powerful or influential in terms of wealth, prestige and status

47
Q

Culture wars

A

clashes in a society over the values and norms that should be uphelp

48
Q

Subculture

A

subset of the dominant culture- has distinct beliefs, values, and norms

49
Q

counter culture

A

groups with value systems that are in opposition to the dominant group’s value

50
Q

multiculturalism

A

policy that supports the inherit values of different cultures within a society, and encourages the retention of cultural difference

51
Q

assimilation

A

process by which minority groups adopt patterns of the dominant culture

Sociology 101 (9 decks)

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