Chapter 6 Flashcards
Body composition?
Describes the amount and relative proportions of fat
mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in the human body
Body composition provides information regarding?
– Percent body fat (PBF)
– Fat distribution
– Body segment girth
– Bone density
Body composition used for?
– Reducing health risks associated with disease
– Designing safe and effective training programs
– Optimizing athletic performance
There are many benefits for measuring body composition in
all populations, such as?
- PBF estimation provides information regarding health
and fitness. - Detection of adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD)
– Excess BF is associated with several diseases. - Malnutrition and some weight-controlled sports can cause
severe dehydration and BF levels. - Estimation of FFM and bone mineral density (BMD)
- Assesses for risk of sarcopenia and osteopenia
- Assesses for sarcopenic obesity
– Low FFM and high FM - Individualization of exercise prescription and
evaluation of an exercise program
Body composition methods can be classified as ____, ____, or ____ ____.
Body composition methods can be classified as direct,
indirect, or doubly indirect
Direct method?
- In vitro: cadaver dissection and chemical analysis
- In vivo: MRI, CT scans, and DXA scan
Indirect method?
Indirect method: measure one parameter to
estimate another
* E.g. Hydrostatic weighing (HW)
– Measures body volume
– Predicts PBF based on assumed FM and FFM densities
Different models have been proposed for characterizing
human body composition by discrete compartments?
- Sum of compartments equal the individual’s body mass
- Two-compartment model (2C): partitions body mass
into FM and FFM - Widest application to body composition analysis
- Limited by assumptions
- Multicompartment models: partition body into more
than two compartments, which provides more accurate
results - Three-compartment model (3C): FM, dry FFM, and total body
water (TBW) - Four-compartment model (4C): FM, TBW, BMD, and dry FFM
Describe anthropometry?
Measurement of the human body using simple
physical techniques
- Height
- Assess with a stadiometer.
- Standard procedures include:
– No shoes, heels together, erect posture, head level, and, after a
deep inhalation, holding breath
- Body mass
- Assess on a calibrated scale.
- Standard procedures include:
– Participant wearing minimal clothing and assess at a standard time
Describe BMI?
- Body mass index (BMI)
- Assesses an individual’s mass relative to height
- BMI = body mass (kg)/ height (m)2
- Primary advantages
- Easy measure to obtain
- Easily classifies large populations as overweight or obese
- Can be used to estimate ideal body weight
- Primary disadvantages
- BMI is a poor predictor of PBF.
- Provides inaccurate classifications for certain populations
– Muscular individuals
Describe circumference measurement use?
Circumference measures: estimate body composition
and provide specific reference to BF distribution
* BF distribution is an important indicator of
obesity-related health risks.
Android obesity related to? Advantages? Measurement accuracy?
- Android obesity increases the risk of:
– Hypertension
– Metabolic syndrome
– Type 2 diabetes
– Dyslipidemia
– Coronary artery disease
– Premature death - Primary advantages
- Easy to learn, quick to complete, and inexpensive
- Measurement accuracy ranges from 2.5% to 4%.
Describe waist circumference?
Represents subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral
adipose tissue (VAT)
BF ____ is considered a bigger risk of CVD than ____ ____ BF.
BF distribution is considered a bigger risk of CVD than excess total BF.
Most effective to use ____ and ____ to assess cardiometabolic risk
Most effective to use WC and BMI to assess cardiometabolic risk
