Chapter 18 Flashcards
What are overweight and obesity associated with?
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension,
dyslipidemia,
coronary heart disease,
stroke, some
forms of cancer,
musculoskeletal problems,
respiratory problems,
and elevated risk of all-cause
and cardiovascular disease mortality
How is maintenance of body weight determined?
Energy Intake = Energy Expenditure
Other contributing factors include, but are not limited to:
* Genetic, epigenetic, social and physical
environment, biological, and psychological variables
Levels of weight loss that have positive affects?
What percent of people regain weight they lost?
Minimal weight loss of 2%–3% can reduce cardiovascular
risk factors.
* Maintaining a weight loss of 3%–5% can reduce risk
factors associated with overweight and obesity
comorbidities.
* Physical activity is a focus of interventions linked to the
improvement of health outcomes
* Thought to be one of the best predictors of long-term weight
maintenance
* 33%–50% of individuals regain initial weight lost within 1
year
Activity for minimal weight loss?
Less than 150min per week
2-3kg weight loss physical activity?
> 150 minutes per week
5-7.5kg weight loss?
225-420 minutes per week
What to assess individuals for when preparing them for an exercise program?
- current exercise participation;
- known CV, metabolic, or renal disease;
- signs and symptoms of these diseases;
- planned exercise intensity level.
What should be calculated in an assessment?
- Height, weight, BP, HR, and waist circumference
- Medications
- Musculoskeletal/orthopedic issues
- Psychological conditions
- Amount of sedentary time
The primary consideration for exercise testing is the
presence of other ____, which are associated with
increased CV risk and decreased exercise performance.
The primary consideration for exercise testing is the
presence of other comorbidities, which are associated with
increased CV risk and decreased exercise performance.
Presence of ____ can lead to low exercise
capacity
Presence of comorbidities can lead to low exercise
capacity
How to program for people with comorbities and testing protocols?
Presence of comorbidities can lead to low exercise
capacity.
* Therefore, low initial workloads and conservative progressions
should be used.
* Additionally, traditional physiological test termination criteria
may not be valid.
Recommended exercise test protocols
* 6-minute walk test
* Modified Naughton
* Cycle ergometry
Additional considerations for exercise testing?
- Various musculoskeletal or orthopedic conditions may
require alternate testing modalities. - Medications that may alter HR or BP response at rest or
during exercise - Exercise equipment should be assessed for maximal
weight and fit to ensure safety and comfort. - Assessment equipment should be appropriate to
accurately determine weight, BP, HR, and body fat
percentage. - Environmental factors should be considered to ensure a
temperature-regulated climate.
What is the goal rangesand numbers for overweight physical activity?
The main goal for this population is to accumulate 250–300
minutes per week of aerobic exercise.
* Because low exercise capacity is common, beginning
with low volumes and intensities of exercise and then
progressing over time is recommended.
* Multiple daily bouts of exercise for at least 10 minutes can
achieve this goal.
Overweight and obesity treatment requires a __________________________________________?
Overweight and obesity treatment requires a comprehensive
lifestyle intervention program and a diverse team of health
care providers.
The main goal of the exercise program should be
to maximize caloric expenditure equating to
approximately ≥____kcal per week.
The main goal of the exercise program should be
to maximize caloric expenditure equating to
approximately ≥2,000 kcal per week.
Exercise intensity may be gauged with ____ or the ____ ____.
Exercise intensity may be gauged with RPE or the
talk test.
Inclusion of a 5- to 10-minute _____________ is recommended when prescribing aerobic
exercise
Inclusion of a 5- to 10-minute warm-up and cooldown is recommended when prescribing aerobic
exercise
The main goals in exercise for obese individuals?
- maximize caloric expenditure for weight loss;
- reduce CV, diabetes, and other chronic disease risk factors;
- promote long-term weight loss.
How much effect does activity have on weight loss?
Physical activity by itself has a modest impact on the
magnitude of weight loss observed in an intervention.
The combination of ____________________________________________________________ can result in clinically significant weight loss
and maintenance of the weight lost.
The combination of reducing energy intake, coupled
with increased energy expenditure through physical
activity, can result in clinically significant weight loss
and maintenance of the weight lost.
