Chapter 1 Flashcards
Physical activity is a ____ ____.
Physical activity is a lifelong pursuit
Physical activity definition?
Bodily movements produced by the skeletal
muscles that result in energy expenditure above
rest
Exercise definition?
Subset of physical activity; planned, structured,
and repetitive
Physical fitness definition?
Set of attributes relating to physical activity
performance
Physical activity and exercise are ____ while physical fitness is a ____.
Physical activity and exercise are behaviors while physical fitness is a outcome.
How is physical activity measured?
Physical activity can be measured with large-scale surveys or
objective monitoring devices.
* More feasible and cost-effective but less accurate
How is physical fitness measured?
Components of physical fitness can be measured with
exercise testing protocols.
* Time-consuming but reliable and valid
What is sedentary behavior?
Any waking behavior in a sitting, reclining, or lying position
of ≤1.5 METs in terms of intensity
What is being being Physically Inactive (Sedentary lifestyle?)?
Insufficient activity can be defined as not meeting the
recommended amount of daily activity for one’s age.
How is intensity of physical activity defined?
Light-intensity physical activity is <3.0 METs.
* Example: strolling
- Moderate-intensity physical activity is 3.0–5.9
METs. - Example: brisk walking, jogging
- Vigorous-intensity physical activity is ≥6.0 METs.
- Example: running
What are the domains of physical activity?
Four physical activity domains
* Recreation
Exercise and recreation activities
* Transport
* Occupation
* Household
Physical activity interventions and policies are most
effective when they operate on ____ ____.
Physical activity interventions and policies are most
effective when they operate on multiple levels.
2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans?
- Adults should move more and sit less.
- Adults should engage in at least 150–300 minutes
per week of moderate-intensity or 75–150 minutes
per week of vigorous-intensity activity. - Updated guidelines eliminate the requirement
of physical activity in bouts of at least 10
minutes; any physical activity is good. - Adults should engage in muscle-strengthening
activities on at least 2 or more days per week.
Key finding in Cross-sectional study looking at sedentary time, PA levels, and adipose tissue function in Type 2 diabetics?
- Sedentary time was positively associated with adipose tissue dysfunction
- Effect was independent of PA level
- Strength of association increased with ↑ BMI
American Heart Association (AHA) and ACSM’s
recommendations on physical activity?
- All adults (18–65 yr) need moderate-intensity
aerobic activity for 30 minutes on at least 5 days
per week or 20 minutes of vigorous activity on at
least 3 days per week. - Combinations of moderate and vigorous activity
can be used to meet this goal. - Exceeding the minimum recommendation may
help to:- Further improve fitness
- Reduce risk of chronic diseases and disabilities
- Prevent unhealthy weight gain
Physical inactivity is considered a ____ ____.
One in ____ adults are insufficiently physically active.
Physical inactivity is considered a global pandemic.
One in 4 adults are insufficiently physically active.
What is health equityu?
Every individual has the opportunity to “attain his
or her full health potential.”
What are health disparities?
National physical activity data reveals health
disparities exist due to all of the following:
* Sex, race/ethnicity, age, religion, socioeconomic status,
educational attainment, family income, family type,
country of birth, disability status, mental health,
disability, geographic location, health insurance status,
and marital status
Regular physical activity can attenuate the prevalence,
rate of early ____, or ____of many leading
causes of death.
Regular physical activity can attenuate the prevalence,
rate of early mortality, or morbidity of many leading
causes of death.
Physical activity and all-cause early mortality?
Numerous studies underscore the relationship
between physical activity and all-cause mortality.
* Example: Harvard Alumni Health Study
Physical activity and chronic diseases?
Chronic diseases
* Diseases that develop over time and are not infectious
* The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes physical
activity for the improvement or maintenance of chronic
diseases.
Areas of benefit of physical activity and chronic disease?
Obesity, diabetes, mental health, CVD, cancer, stroke, and ADL
Physical activity and cardiovascular disease (CVD)
* Decrease the risk of developing ischemic heart
disease, ischemic stroke, and all-cause heart
failure
Physical activity and stroke
* Meta-analysis data displays an 11% reduction in
the risk of stroke with moderate-intensity exercise
and a 19% reduction with vigorous-intensity
exercise.
Physical activity and cancer
* Benefits individuals with several types of cancer,
including lung, breast, colon, and pancreatic.
Physical activity and diabetes
* Regular physical activity promotes glycemic control and
insulin action.
* Improves blood glucose, lipids, blood pressure control
abnormalities, and weight loss and/or maintenance. HIIT may
have a positive effect on these same metabolic parameters.
Physical activity and obesity
* Associated with weight loss and/or the prevention of
weight gain.
Physical activity and disabilities, aging, functional
independence, and activities of daily living
* Recommended to all persons, including the aging
population and to those with disabilities.
Physical activity and mental health
* Can reduce state and trait anxiety in adults and
older adults
* More effective for females and adults >25
* Reduces symptoms in those with anxiety disorders
* Reduces the risk of experiencing depression
* Reduces depressive symptoms in those with and
without major depression
* Limited evidence of dose-response relationship
Physical activity is a behavior associated with many
____.
Physical activity is a behavior associated with many
benefits.
There are many ____ ____ to promote physical
activity and its associated benefits, including:
* Exercise is Medicine®
* “____ ____ ___!” initiative
* “____ ____!” campaign
There are many federal initiatives to promote physical
activity and its associated benefits, including:
* Exercise is Medicine®
* “Step It Up!” initiative
* “Let’s Move!” campaign
