Chapter 1

Question 1

Physical activity is a ____ ____.

Answer 1

Physical activity is a lifelong pursuit

Question 2

Physical activity definition?

Answer 2

Bodily movements produced by the skeletal
muscles that result in energy expenditure above
rest

Question 3

Exercise definition?

Answer 3

Subset of physical activity; planned, structured,
and repetitive

Question 4

Physical fitness definition?

Answer 4

Set of attributes relating to physical activity
performance

Question 5

Physical activity and exercise are ____ while physical fitness is a ____.

Answer 5

Physical activity and exercise are behaviors while physical fitness is a outcome.

Question 6

How is physical activity measured?

Answer 6

Physical activity can be measured with large-scale surveys or
objective monitoring devices.
* More feasible and cost-effective but less accurate

Question 7

How is physical fitness measured?

Answer 7

Components of physical fitness can be measured with
exercise testing protocols.
* Time-consuming but reliable and valid

Question 8

What is sedentary behavior?

Answer 8

Any waking behavior in a sitting, reclining, or lying position
of ≤1.5 METs in terms of intensity

Question 9

What is being being Physically Inactive (Sedentary lifestyle?)?

Answer 9

Insufficient activity can be defined as not meeting the
recommended amount of daily activity for one’s age.

Question 10

How is intensity of physical activity defined?

Answer 10

Light-intensity physical activity is <3.0 METs.
* Example: strolling

• Moderate-intensity physical activity is 3.0–5.9
  METs.
• Example: brisk walking, jogging
• Vigorous-intensity physical activity is ≥6.0 METs.
• Example: running

Question 11

What are the domains of physical activity?

Answer 11

Four physical activity domains
* Recreation
Exercise and recreation activities
* Transport
* Occupation
* Household

Question 12

Physical activity interventions and policies are most
effective when they operate on ____ ____.

Answer 12

Physical activity interventions and policies are most
effective when they operate on multiple levels.

Question 13

2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans?

Answer 13

• Adults should move more and sit less.
• Adults should engage in at least 150–300 minutes
  per week of moderate-intensity or 75–150 minutes
  per week of vigorous-intensity activity.
• Updated guidelines eliminate the requirement
  of physical activity in bouts of at least 10
  minutes; any physical activity is good.
• Adults should engage in muscle-strengthening
  activities on at least 2 or more days per week.

Question 14

Key finding in Cross-sectional study looking at sedentary time, PA levels, and adipose tissue function in Type 2 diabetics?

Answer 14

• Sedentary time was positively associated with adipose tissue dysfunction
• Effect was independent of PA level
• Strength of association increased with ↑ BMI

Question 15

American Heart Association (AHA) and ACSM’s
recommendations on physical activity?

Answer 15

• All adults (18–65 yr) need moderate-intensity
  aerobic activity for 30 minutes on at least 5 days
  per week or 20 minutes of vigorous activity on at
  least 3 days per week.
• Combinations of moderate and vigorous activity
  can be used to meet this goal.
• Exceeding the minimum recommendation may
  help to:
  
  • Further improve fitness
  • Reduce risk of chronic diseases and disabilities
  • Prevent unhealthy weight gain

Question 16

Physical inactivity is considered a ____ ____.
One in ____ adults are insufficiently physically active.

Answer 16

Physical inactivity is considered a global pandemic.
One in 4 adults are insufficiently physically active.

Question 17

What is health equityu?

Answer 17

Every individual has the opportunity to “attain his
or her full health potential.”

Question 18

What are health disparities?

Answer 18

National physical activity data reveals health
disparities exist due to all of the following:
* Sex, race/ethnicity, age, religion, socioeconomic status,
educational attainment, family income, family type,
country of birth, disability status, mental health,
disability, geographic location, health insurance status,
and marital status

Question 19

Regular physical activity can attenuate the prevalence,
rate of early ____, or ____of many leading
causes of death.

Answer 19

Regular physical activity can attenuate the prevalence,
rate of early mortality, or morbidity of many leading
causes of death.

Question 20

Physical activity and all-cause early mortality?

Answer 20

Numerous studies underscore the relationship
between physical activity and all-cause mortality.
* Example: Harvard Alumni Health Study

Question 21

Physical activity and chronic diseases?

Answer 21

Chronic diseases
* Diseases that develop over time and are not infectious
* The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes physical
activity for the improvement or maintenance of chronic
diseases.

Question 22

Areas of benefit of physical activity and chronic disease?

Answer 22

Obesity, diabetes, mental health, CVD, cancer, stroke, and ADL

Physical activity and cardiovascular disease (CVD)
* Decrease the risk of developing ischemic heart
disease, ischemic stroke, and all-cause heart
failure

Physical activity and stroke
* Meta-analysis data displays an 11% reduction in
the risk of stroke with moderate-intensity exercise
and a 19% reduction with vigorous-intensity
exercise.

Physical activity and cancer
* Benefits individuals with several types of cancer,
including lung, breast, colon, and pancreatic.

Physical activity and diabetes
* Regular physical activity promotes glycemic control and
insulin action.
* Improves blood glucose, lipids, blood pressure control
abnormalities, and weight loss and/or maintenance. HIIT may
have a positive effect on these same metabolic parameters.

Physical activity and obesity
* Associated with weight loss and/or the prevention of
weight gain.

Physical activity and disabilities, aging, functional
independence, and activities of daily living
* Recommended to all persons, including the aging
population and to those with disabilities.

Physical activity and mental health
* Can reduce state and trait anxiety in adults and
older adults
* More effective for females and adults >25
* Reduces symptoms in those with anxiety disorders
* Reduces the risk of experiencing depression
* Reduces depressive symptoms in those with and
without major depression
* Limited evidence of dose-response relationship

Question 23

Physical activity is a behavior associated with many
____.

Answer 23

Physical activity is a behavior associated with many
benefits.

Question 24

There are many ____ ____ to promote physical
activity and its associated benefits, including:
* Exercise is Medicine®
* “____ ____ ___!” initiative
* “____ ____!” campaign

Answer 24

There are many federal initiatives to promote physical
activity and its associated benefits, including:
* Exercise is Medicine®
* “Step It Up!” initiative
* “Let’s Move!” campaign